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266

WI N D SO R.

B E R K S H IR E .

distribution, and the site is now marked by a young
oak planted by H.M. the late Queen, September 12,
1863. with a suitable inscription.
The Long W alk, a noble avenue of oaks and elms,
stretches from the grand entrance to the castle in an
undeviating line for about 3 m iles, and at the further
end of th e walk is a bronze equestrian statue of George
III. by W estm acott, 26 feet in height, and raised upon
a rocky pedestal of like elevation: the trees were
planted in 1680 and there is a carriage drive in the
centre with footpaths on each side. Queen Anne’s
R ide, com m encing at the end of King's road and ex­
tending to the boundary of the Great Park near Ascot
H eath, is also 3 miles in length.
Frogm ore, also mentioned by Shakespeare, in the
“ Merry W ives of W indsor,” belonged to Queen C har­
lotte, who purchased it about 1800; the Duchess of
K en t died here March 16, 1861, and since then it was
occupied by H.M. the late King, when Prince of Wales,
whose eldest son, the late Prince Albert Victor, was
born here Jan. 8, 1864, and by Prince C h ristian; the
gardens comprise about 32 acres, artificially laid out,
and containing mock antique ruins, a herm itage and
a temple.
In the grounds stands the Royal Mausoleum, a
m agnificent tomb-house erected by the late Queen
Victoria, from the designs and under the superintend­
ence of Mr. Humbert and Professor Griiner, at a total
cost of upwards of ¿200,000; the ground plan forms
a Greek cross, from the centre of which rises a dome
70 feet in h e ig h t; the arms of the cross, extending to
the same distance, form transepts, with aisles sur­
rounding the central portion and com m unicating with
each tran sep t; the whole floor is supported by massive
vaults of brick, in one of which is the foundation
stone laid by Queen V ic to ria ; the approach to the
building is by a grand flight of granite steps, and a
porch carried on monolithic columns of g ra n ite ;
im m ediately over the door is this inscription :
“ Alberti Principis quod mortale erat
Hoc in sepulchro deponi volvit vidua
Moerens Victoria Regina M.D. M D CCCLXII.
Vale desideratissime !
Hie demum conquiescam tecum
Tecum in Christo consurgam .”
Through the porch, gates open into the Eastern tran­
sept conducting to the central chamber, the walls of
which are covered w ith exquisitely designed marble
panelling, adorned with bas-reliefs and paintings in
fresco; in niches between the transepts are statues of
David, Isaiah, Daniel and Solom on; the dome has a
blue ground studded with golden stars, and below it
is a clerestory pierced by eight three-light windows,
all stain ed ; a lamp of gilt bronze hangs in each tran ­
sept ; the whole floor is of polished marble inlaid, and
in the centre is placed the sarcophagus of Aberdeen
granite, containing the mortal remains of Her late
Majesty Queen Victoria and Albert, the late Prince
Consort, on a plinth of black marble given by King
Leopold I. of B e lg iu m ; on its summit Tepose fulllength effigies of both, by the late Baron Marochetti, and
at the angles are kneeling figures of angels in bron ze;
the side bears a short and simple inscription. The
Mausoleum of the Duchess of Kent, an edifice erected
at the express desire of her late Royal Highness, is
circular in form, with a dome supported on sixteen
Ionic columns of Penrhyn granite, 10 feet high, with
bronze capitals and bases; the interior is appropriately
decorated and lighted by panels of stained glass in the
d o m e; in the centre is a statue, by Theed, of the
Duchess, whose remains are deposited in a sarcophagus
of polished blue granite, in the vault below.
In a niche below the Mausoleum is a marble bust, by
Theed, of H.S.H. Feodora, late Princess Hohenlohe,
Queen Victoria’s half-sister, erected by Her late
M ajesty in 1873; and in front of it a monumental
cross, also erected by Her late M ajesty in memory of
L a d y A ugusta (Bruce), wife of A rth ur Penrhyn Stanley
D.D. form erly dean of W estm inster; it is of fine blue
Cairngall granite, beautifully enriched on the front
and sides with entwined ornaments, after the style of
the early Christian crosses in the west of Sco tlan d ;
and stands upon an unhewn block of granite, the total
height being about seven feet. On the stem of the
cross in gold letters is inscribed the follow ing: —
“ To the dear memory of Lady Augusta Stanley, fifth
daughter of Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of Elgin and
Kincardine, this cross is erected by Queen Victoria in
grateful and affectionate remembrance of her faithful
labours for 30 years in the service of the Queen, the
Duchess of Kent, and the Royal Family. Born, April 3,
1822. Died, March 1, 1876.”

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Adelaide Cottage, in the Home Park, at the end of
the slopes, is a secluded dwelling in the m idst of a
pretty garden, and was a favourite resort of the late
Queen A delaid e; in the inclosure attached to the cot­
tage is “ Luther’s Beech,” a tree raised from the beech
near Altenstein, in the Duchy of Saxe Meiningen,
under which Luther was arrested in 1521; it was
planted by Queen Adelaide near the house in Bushev
Park, and by her wish transplanted hither.
In the Home Park are also Frogm ore C o ttage; the
Royal dairy, built in 1858 from a design by the late
Prince Consort, adjoining which is the Dairy F a rm ;
the Queen’s A viary, a sem i-Gothic building, contain­
ing a rare and valuable collection of fo w ls; and the
Royal Gardens, with a range of 1,300 feet of glass­
houses. Shaw Farm , the model farm of the late Prince
Consort, is now carried on by His M ajesty the King.
The Great Park, which is open to the public, is about
14 miles in circum ference, and contains about 1,800
acres, through which extend both the Long W alk and
Queen Anne’s R ide; it abounds in delightful walks,
affording rich glimpses of forest scenery, and is well
stocked with herds of red and fallow deer, white harts
and Cashmere goats &c. Oaks and beeches are very
numerous, some specimens of which are known to be
several centuries old. In the neighbourhood, near
Cranbourn Lodge, in the Forest, said to have been a
favourite resort of William the Norman, stands the
“ K in g’s Oak,’’ 26 feet round and h ollow ; this tree
is not visible from the public road, but a remarkably
fine and picturesque specimen, called the “ grand­
father of the forest,” can he seen close to the highway
leading from Forest Gate to H igh Standing Hill, on
the Winkfield road. The G reat Park is under the con­
trol of H.M. Commissioners of Woods and Forests and
in charge of a ranger. In the Great Park are Cumber­
land Lodge, now the residence of T.R .H . the Prince
and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, and once
occupied by William, Duke of Cumberland, the victor
of Culloden; the Royal Lodge of George IV. inhabited
by the Hon. Lady E llis; Sand Pit L od ge; All Saints'
Chapel Royal, for the use of residents in th e P a r k ;
the Royal Vinery and the Norfolk Farm.
V irginia Water, formed by W illiam , Duke of Cum ­
berland, is a large artificial lake upwards of a mile and
a half long, and of varying width, 5^ miles from
Windsor, at the extrem e south of the Great Park, and
is partly in the parish of Egham, county of S u rre y ;
it extends over what was once a wild, swampy district,
whose waters drained into a basin of considerable
dimensions and then flowed into the Thames at Chertsey, and its banks laid out by George IV. with all the
resources of the landscape gardener’s art, are charm­
ingly diversified; near the lake, in a beautifully
secluded corner of the park, stand several marble
columns with portions of the frieze and other fragments
of a Corinthian temple, and in the neighbourhood are
some fir trees of great h e ig h t; access to the lake and
park from the Surrey side is obtained through the
grounds of the W heatsheaf H otel; about i | miles
distant is the Virginia W ater station of the London
and South Western railway.
Windsor offers m any attractions to the excursionist,
who mav easily reach by water the beautiful scenery
of Maidenhead and Cookham ; and inland, Ascot,
Sunninghill, Winkfield, Warfield and Binfield. Fresh­
water fish of all kinds are abundant and very fine trout
are taken every season in the weir at the hack of the
New inn, Eton.
His M ajesty the K in g is lord of the manor.
The population in 1901 w a s : Municipal Borough of
New Windsor, 1*1,130, viz. Castle Ward, 4,433: O ’
Ward, 4.539 and Park Ward, 5.158; Parish of New
Windsor, including 172 in W'indsor Castle, 9,419; 995
m ilitary and 145 other inmates in the Victoria
Infantry Barracks and 76 m ilitary and 154 families,
servants &c. in the Cavalry Barracks. The population
of the municipal borough in 1911 was 12,681.
The area of the parish is 2,529 acres of land and
53 of w a te r; the rateable value of New Windsor is
¿61,309The area of the parliamentary borough, which ex­
tends into Bucks, is 3,281 acres; the population in
1911 was 19,840. The num ber of electors on the
parliam entary register in 1911 was 3,325.
C LE W ER W ITH IN is a civil parish formed under
the provisions of Section I. of the “ Local Government
Act, 1894 ” (56 and 57 Viet. c. 73), from that part of
Clewer Old parish in the Windsor m unicipal borough.
The area is 123 acres of land and 8 of w ater; rateable
value, ¿24,740: the population in 1901 was 4 ,539*
including 413 in the Cavalry Barracks.