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DIRECTORY.]

B E R K S H IR E .

XKW BUKY.

135

Scotland he is said to have equipped a contingent of 100
men for th e k in g’s service “ as -well arm ed and better
clothed than a n y ; ” tradition relates that he feasted
H enry V III. and Queen C atherine of A rrag o n at his
own house in N ew bury (still existin g, b ut now divided
into various tenem ents), and that the kin g offered him
the honour of knighthood, w hich he declined : he was
a m unificent contributor to the repair and adornm ent
of the parish church, in which, agreeab ly to h is desire,
he was buried, together w ith A lice his w if e ; Henry
W inchoom be, of B ucklebury, his descendant, was created
a baronet in 1661, and m arried Frances, daugh ter of
Thom as (H oward), E arl of Berkshire, b u t the title
becam e extin ct at the death of his son, S ir Henry
W inchcom be, in Nov. 1705; the estates devolved on
F rances, first wife of H enry St. John, the celebrated
V iscount B olingbroke, b u t she leavin g no issue, the
p rop erty passed by her you n ger sister to the Packer
fam ily, and was devised b y H enry Packer, the la st m ale
heir, to his sister’s son, W inchcom be H enry H artley
esq. which fam ily is now represented by the co-heiresses
of the late W. H. H. H artley esq.
There is a church estate which produces about £258
yearly for the repairs of the ch u rch and m aintenance
of services. The rem aining charities am ount in gross to
£3,208 yearly, of w hich £572 is applied to educational
purposes, £ 1 13 to ap p renticin g, £36 to the clergy,
£3»5°° (including m oney from the ch urch and alm s­
house estate) to the support of alm shouses, w hile £103
is distributed in m oney and £ 7 9 in kind. T h ere are
upwards of 60 alm shouses, o f various foundations, in
different parts of the town.

obelisk has been erected to Lord F alklan d on the b a ttle ­
field, by p ub lic subscription, on a site given b y W alter
M oney esq. F .S .A . hon. sec. to the com m ittee. The
m em orial, which also com m em orates Robert (D orm er),
E arl of Carnarvon, H enry (Spencer), E a rl of Sunder­
land, and other R oyalist officers who fell in th is battle,
was in augurated by th e late E arl of C arnarvon in Sept.
1878. The second battle was fou gh t on the north side of
the town, 27 Oct. 1644, a t w hich the K in g and the
Prince of W ales (afterw ards C h arles I I .) w ere present.
C rom w ell also held a com m and on the P arliam en tary
side : no decided advantage was gained by eith er p arty,
b ut the q uarrel between the E arl of M anchester and
C rom w ell, resu ltin g from th is action, in d irectly led to
the death of th e K in g and the advancem ent of C rom ­
well to th e Protectorship.
T h e streets of N ew bu ry exh ibit a num ber of good1
specim ens of ancient houses. T h e rem ain s of th e house
occupied b y Jack of N ew bu ry near th e u Jack ” hotel,
N orthbrook street, appear to date from a period earlier
than th a t of H enry V II. and belong m ost probably to
the m iddle of the 15th cen tury. A gabled house, also
in N orthbrook street, where th e p ilasters and m ould­
in gs w ith eg g and tongue ornam ent are m ost sk ilfu lly
rendered, is p articu la rly noticeable. T he m ost in tere st­
in g specim en of old b uildin gs th a t connect th e town of
N ew bury w ith the palm y days of th e clo th in g trad e is
the Jacobean C loth H all, near the M arket p la c e : th e
upper p art is supported by oak colum ns or p iers, the
in terven in g spaces being closed up w ith brickw ork
splayed on eith er side of th e p illars, and above is a
bold cornice on large projecting brackets ric h ly carved
w ith grotesque heads : it is now used as a m useum .
T h e m unicipal charities consist of St. Bartholom ew ’s
Th e soil on th e banks of th e K en n et form s w ater
alm shouses, Raym ond’ s, St. M ary’s and K en d rick ’s.
m eadows in which beds of peat occur from 5 to 15 feet
C owslade’s : for the education, clothin g and appren­
t h ic k ; and when b urn t the ashes form a valuable fe r­
ticeship of 10 poor boys. K im b er’s, com prising six alm s­
tilizer : in these peat beds v e ry m any n a tu ra l and a r­
houses for m en and six for wom en, in the M arket
tificial an tiquities have been discovered, a v ery com ­
place, also provides for the education of 25 boys and
plete account of w h ich is given in th e “ T ransactions of
includes out-pensions and other gifts.
Robinson’s
the N ew bu ry D istrict F ield C lu b ,” vol. 1872-5.
ch arity has three alm shouses for poor w ea ve rs; Crosse’s
The m anor, on the accession of the N orm ans, fell to
ch arity dispenses gifts of clo th in g to poor women.
the E arl of Perche, whose successor, Thom as, was slain
The C h u rch alm shouses, in the Newtown road, com ­
at the b attle of Lincoln in 1217. Th e Bishop of Chalons,
prise six for m en and six for women. C hild’s alm s­
his heir, sold it to W illiam M arsh all, E arl of P em ­
houses are for four m en. C oxedd’s and Pearce’ s ch arity,
broke. Q ueen E lizabeth gave it w ith B enham -Valence
now adm inistered under one schem e, has four alm s­
to John B aptiste C astillian , a Piedm ontese of her P riv y
houses for m en in E nborne r o a d ; it also distributes
weekly out-pensions and educational gran ts. H un t’s Cham ber, “ for faith fu l services in her dan gers.” B y
consists of three alm shouses for wom en at W est m ill. purchase, H am pstead M arshall and B enham -Valence
There is also Dangerfield’s benefaction and M iss Sm ith ’s becam e the p rop erty of Sir W illiam C raven kt. Lord
M ayor of London in 1611, and an cestor of th e noble
Greenham charity.
fam ily of C raven , in whose possession it still rem ains.
T h e D ispensary, in W est street, was established in
Th e area is 1,804 acres of land and 24 of w a te r; ra te ­
1835, and is supported b y subscription. T he n um ber of able value, £ 55,887; the population in 1911 was 12,107,
patients attended to yearly is about 2,000
includin g 16 officers and 167 in m ates in the Poor Law
N ew bu ry D istrict H ospital, in th e Andover road, In stitution
erected in 1885, is for th e trea tm en t of non-infectious
The population of the m un icipal wards in 1911 was :—
cases of sickness or accident, and has 34 beds and cots. No. x or N orth, 3,685; No. 2 or E ast, 4,578; No. 3 or
T h e M unicipal Borough Infectiou s Diseases H ospital, W est, 3,844.
T h e population of the ecclesiastical parishes in 191 r
on W ash common, was b uilt in 1893 at a cost of £520,
w a s :— St. N icholas (parish ch urch), 5,702; St. John,
for 16 patients, and has since been enlarged at a cost
the E van gelist, 4,393.
of £400, for 12 additional patients.
V erger, W illiam G . Stillm an.
T h e New P u b lic L ibrary, opened in 1906, is an edi­
fice of red brick and stone, from designs by Mr. Sam uel
A pparitor, S t. John the E va n g alist, G eorge G reen.
Joseph Lee V incent A .M .I.C .E . : towards the cost £2,000
was contributed by A ndrew C arn egie esq. of Skibo
SPE E N H A M L A N D
form s p art of the m unicipal
C astle, N . B . ; th e site, fittings, and books being paid borough of N ew bury on th e n o r th ; it is a separate
for by p u b lic subscrip tio n ; th ere are at p resent (19x5) ecclesiastical parish, form ed Sept. 14th, 1844, from
about 3,000 volum es.
the civil parish of Speen. The ch u rch of S t. M ary,
New bury is one of the few places possessing the rig h t erected in 1831, is an edifice of stone in the Decorated
chancel, nave and north and south
of electin g boys and g irls to C h rist's H ospital (the Blue style, consisting of
C oat school), now at W est H orsham , Sussex, the p riv i­ porches and a tu rret containing 2 b e lls : it was en ­
lege being enjoyed under the w ill of Mr. John W est, larged in 1879 by the addition of a new chancel, de­
an opulent clo th ier of his tim e and M aster of the signed by the late G. E. S tre e t esq. R .A . and the
C lothw orkers’ C om pany in 1707, who was connected w ith rem ainder of the b u ild in g has been p artially rem odelled,
£7,0 00 ; th e nave and aisles were
this town : in the election preference is given to founders’ at a total cost of
entirely reb uilt
in
1911 a t a cost ofover £5,000; a
k i n : all householders are entitled to vote.
T h e town is historically im p ortan t as th e scene of p ecu liarity of th is ch urch is th at it stands due north
two im portant battles betw een the royal arm y of King and south, and is said to have been the first ch urch in
Charles I. and the P a rlia m en tary forces. T h e first the diocese of Oxford built, on a new site since the
action was fought on the W ash and Enborne H eath, to Reform ation : there are 480 sittin g s. Th e reg ister dates
the south of the town, 20 Sept. 1643, and resulted from the year 1831. T he liv in g is a vicarage, net
unfavourably for th e king, who com m anded h is arm y in yearly v alu e £300, w ith residence, in the g ift of the
person ; between five and six thousand m en were slain Bishop of O xford, and held since 1899 by th e Rev.
on both sides, including the chivalrous and p atriotic Charles L u k e Jeayes B .A . of N ew College, Oxford.
Lord F alk la n d ; the tu m u li w here m any of the dead Th e population in 1911 was 1,945.
were buried still ex ist on W ash common. A m em orial
V erger, Charles Beam ish.
O F F IC IA L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S , L O C A L IN S T IT U T IO N S &c.
Post, M. 0 ., T . & Telephonic E xpress D elivery Office,
Cheap street.— T . D. Douglas, postm aster. Open daily,
except sunday, from 8 a.m . t ill 8 p .m .; Su n d a ys,

for stam ps & telegraph business only, from 8.30 a.m .
till 10 a.m