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72

OXFORD.

OXFORDSHIRE.

[ k e l l y ’s

stone ste p s le a d in g u p to t h e b a t tle m e n ts , w h ic h , th o u g h c a th e d r a l c h u rc h , an d R o b e r t K in g D .D . the last abh
m u c h o v e r g r o w n w ith iv y , m a y s t ill b e t ra v e r s e d ; the an d t it u la r b ish o p of R o a n e n sis . w as m ade the f °*
e a s t g a t e w as r o m o v e d in th e la s t c e n t u r y ; a n o th er bish o p o f O x fo rd , he d ie d 4 D ec. 1 5 5 7 ; in the cIuJk
p o rtio n w it h a s in g le b a s tio n fo rm s th e so u th e rn b o u n ­ w e re b u rie d E d it h , w ife of th e fou n d e r, ob. c. ud a ry of M erton C o lle g e g a rd e n s, a n d tra c e s of a b astio n A d a m , B ish o p o f S t . A sa p h , ob. 118 1, and Ella, Count'2’
of W a rw ic k , o b . 9 F e b . 12 9 7 : in 1545 th e see was tran*
e x is t in th e g a r d e n o f C o rp u s.
In 1889, d u r in g th e p r o g r e s s of e x c a v a tio n s m a d e for fe rre d to C h r is t C h u rc h . S o m e p o rtio n s of the struct«
th e e re c tio n o f a n ew h o u se a t th e e a s te rn ju n c tio n of rem a in in c o rp o ra te d w it h th e b u ild in g s of Oseney mil?
th e T u r l an d B ro a d s t r e e t s , e v id e n c e s w e re m e t w ith of R e w le y A b b e y , or d e R e g a li L o c o , sto o d in north ’
th e an c ie n t “ C a n d it c h ,” w h ic h la y o u ts id e th e w a ll at n ey , on th e le f t ban k of th e riv e r , and w as founded t
th is p o in t ; a c o n s id e ra b le h eap of le a th e r , a b o u t 2 ft. 1281 b y E d m u n d , E a r l of C o rn w a ll, fo r an abbot an!
9 in. th ic k , w as fo u n d h e re , b e s id e s s h o e m a k e rs ' k n iv e s , fiftee n m o n k s of th e C is te r c ia n o rd e r, and also dedicated
a to th e V ir g in M a r y ; t h e c h u rc h , a fine edifice, had
an o rn a m e n te d b o o k c o v e r o f th e e a r ly 15 th c e n tu r y , <
lo ft y to w e r ; th e e x is t in g re m a in s co n sist almost who?
m a z e r o r w o o d en cu p , c ro c k e r y an d o y s t e r s h e lls.
of a p o rtio n of t h e e a s t w a ll, w ith a Perpendicular gatj
F re w e n (o r F r e w in ) H a ll, o r ig in a lly an A u g u s t in ia n
f r i a r y , b u ilt in 14 14 , is a s m a ll a n d so m b re -lo o k in g w ay, o v e r h a n g in g th e r iv e r b a n k ; a t its dissolution in
m an sio n at th e b a c k of C o r n m a r k e t s tr e e t , a n d is c e le ­ 1534 th e re w a s an a b b o t an d 21 m o n k s, and its veariy
b r a t e d as th e ab o d e of H is la t e M a je s ty K i n g E d w a rd r e v e n u e w as ^ 1 7 4 3s.
T h e r e w e re a lso h e re s e v e r a l o rd e rs of friar6. The
V I I . w h en as P rin c e of W a le s he w as in re s id e n c e h e re
in 1860-61 : th e e n tr a n c e to i t is t h r o u g h a n arro w D o m in ica n s o r B la c k F r ia r s c a m e to O x fo rd in uai, l;
p a ssa g e , s h u t in b y t a ll m o n a s tic -lo o k in g w a lls , a t th e end A u g . a n d fir s t s e ttle d in th e p a rish of St. Edward
of w h ic h is a s m a ll, lo w - p o in te d g a t e w a y o v ersh a d o w ed ( a fte r w a r d s in c lu d e d in A ll S a in ts ' an d S t. Frideswwe,,,
w ith lim e s an d g iv in g a c c e ss to a lit t l e c o u r t, in w h ic h so u th of H ig h s t r e e t an d n e a r th e m id d le of the citv
sta n d s th e o ld -fa sh io n e d h o u se in w h ic h th e P rin c e b u t a b o u t 1259 re m o v e d to an isla n d in the south
To this
liv ed ; in th e r e i g n of Q u e e n E liz a b e t h it w as r e p a ire d su b u r b s , im m e d ia te ly w e s t of G ra n d p on t.
and a lt e r e d b y D r. G riffin L lo y d , a n d a g a in , in th e h o u se b e lo n g e d R o b e r t B a co n , b ro th e r of the famous
re ig n of Q u e e n A n n e , b y D r. F r e w in ; in 1888 th e h o u se
R o g e r B a c o n ; R ic h a r d F is h a c r e or F iz a cre , an eminent
w as re fa c e d w ith sto n e a n d a n o th e r flo o r a d d e d to th e s c h o la r ; R o b e r t K ilw a r d b y , c a rd in a l and archbishop ol
g a rd e n w in g , u n d e r th e s u p e rin te n d e n c e of T . G . J a c k ­ C a n te r b u r y ( 12 7 2 - 8 ) ; W illia m of M acclesfield, cardinal;
son esq. R .A . T h e o ld e r p a rt of th e h o u se h a s good W a lte r J o y c e , a rc h b ish o p o f A r m a g h (13 0 6 -11); Thomas
E liz a b e t h a n p a n e llin g an d ro o fs.
I t w as o c c u p ie d for J o y ce , h is b r o th e r a n d a c a r d in a l; T ho m as de Ringn e a r ly a h u n d re d y e a rs in th e 18 th a n d 19 th c e n tu r ie s b y ste d e , b ish o p of B a n g o r (13 5 7 -6 7 )’ an d Nicholas Trivet,
s u c c e ssiv e R e g iu s P ro fe sso rs of M e d icin e .
th e h i s t o r ia n : in th e c h u rc h , d e d ic a te d to St. Nicholas,
A m o n g th e r e m a in s o f a n c ie n t h o u se s in O x fo rd , th e w ere b u rie d Is a b e l (d e B o le b e c ), C o u n te ss of Oxford, ob.
m o st in t e r e s tin g r e lic is a p o rtio n of a fine m a n sio n of 3 F e b . 12 4 6 ; W a lte r M a u c le r k , bishop of Carlisle, ob.
th e 16 th c e n tu r y , a t th e so u th e rn end of S t . A ld a te ’ s 12 4 8 ; a n d P ie rs G a v e s to n , E a r l of Cornw all, beheaded
s tr e e t , b e lie v e d to h a v e been o rig in a lly b u ilt in 1546 for 29 J u n e , 1 3 1 2 ; th e p r io r y w as d isso lv e d in 1544, and the
R o b e rt K in g , la s t a b b o t o f O s e n e y a n d fir s t b ish o p of s ite of 3 a c re s an d b u ild in g s so ld .
O x fo rd , b u t r e fro n te d o r re p a ir e d in 1628 ; th e ce ilin g s
T h e F ra n c is c a n s , o r G r e y F r ia r s , se ttle d in St. Ebbe's
of th e v a rio u s ro o m s a r e r ic h ly d e c o ra te d and b e a r th e p a rish in S e p t. 1224, an d w ith th e help of King Hen.
a rm s of E d w a r d V I . ; an d t h e n o rth sid e, w ith its p ro ­ II I . e r e c te d b u ild in g s on a s ite g ra n te d by him ; among
je c tin g
w in d o w s, ric h
c a r v in g a n d p a r g e tt e d w a lls , th e e m in e n t m e m b e rs of th is h o u se w ere Roger Bacon
fu rn is h e s an a d m ir a b le e x a m p le of a v e r y p ic tu r e s q u e
( “ D o cto r m ira b ilis ’’ ) th e p h ilo so p h er and experimen­
s t y l e ; t h e r e a re o th e r o ld an d in t e r e s tin g h o u se s belo w ta list, w ho w as b u rie d h e re in 12 9 2 ; an d Henry Sbandish
th is , b e a r in g th e a r m s o f B ish o p K in g on th e ce ilin g s, D .D . b ish o p of S t. A s a p h ( 1 5 1 8 -3 6 ) ; in the church were
and se v e ra l s till lin g e r in th e H ig h s tr e e t, C o rn m a rk e t, also b u rie d B e a t r ix (d e F a lk e s t e m ), 3rd wife of Richard
S t. G ile s ’ s, an d e lse w h e re .
P la n ta g e n e t, K in g of th e R o m a n s an d Alm aine, and Earl
T h e h o u se N o . 35 H o ly w e ll s t . h a s s in g u la r b a y w in d ow s of C o rn w a ll, ob. 17 O c t. 1275 ; an d th e heart of her
d a tin g fro m 1626, a n d a b e d ro o m at th e b a c k w it h e a r ly h u sb a n d , w h o d ie d a t B e r k h a m s te a d Castle, Herts, 2
15 th c e n tu r y w o rk , t h e in t e r io r w a lls fu r n is h a co m p le te A p ril, 1272, an d w as b u rie d a t H a ile s A b b ey ; and Sir
sy s te m o f th e c o lo u r in g in v o g u e a t t h a t d a te , an d in Jo h n G o la fre k t. ob. 1 3 7 9 ; t h e co n v e n t was dissolved in
1890 th e a n c ie n t fire p la c e s an d p a n e llin g in th is h o u se
x539 a n d th e s ite o f 5 a c re s an d b u ild in g s disposed of
w ere re s to r e d . In B r e w e r s t r e e t is an in t e r e s tin g h o u se In 1906 t h is o rd e r w as re v iv e d in Oxford, under the
c a lle d “ F a i r fa x ’ s ,” fo r m e r ly th e a r m o u r y of th e O x fo rd e s p e c ia l b e n e d ic tio n of th e P o p e , an d occupies premises
C i t y V o lu n t e e r s ; t h e w a in s c o tin g h a s bee n re m o v e d to in C o w le y .
P e m b ro k e C o lle g e , b u t t h e r e r e m a in s an o v e rm a n te l of
T h e C a r m e lite s , or W h it e F r ia r s , first settled here in
1254, in a h o u se in S to c k w e ll (n ow W orcester) street, but
R e n a iss a n c e c h a r a c te r , w ir .i a sh ield of a rm s , a p a n elled
ce ilin g of G o t h ic c h a r a c te r , ad o rn ed w ith T u d o r ro ses, in 13 17 th e y o b ta in e d le tt e r s
fro m
E d w . II. gra
an d t h e u n c o v e r e d w a lls d is p la y o r n a m e n ta tio n in co lo u r, th em th e s ite an d b u ild in g s of B e a u m o n t palace: in the
ap parently- d e s ig n e d to r e p r e s e n t m u llio n e d w in d ow s. c h u rc h w e re in te r r e d T h o m a s P e v e re l, bishop of Wor­
An a n c ie n t h o u se in S t. G ile s ’ p a ris h , s ta n d in g i m ­ c e s te r ( 14 0 7 -17 ), a n d Jo h n T w y n n y n g e , abbot of Winchm e d ia te ly n o rth o f th e c h u r c h , is a p ic tu r e s q u e g a b le d c o m b e ( 14 7 4 -8 8 ); th is m o n a s te r y w as suppressed in
st r u c tu r e ,
b u ilt in 1659, an d has sto n e m u llio n ed w in ­
1539, th e re b e in g th e n 24 fria rs, and in 1541 the site
d o w s ; it o c c u p ie s th e s ite of B e th le h e m H o s p ita l, said an d b u ild in g s w e re g ra n te d to E d m u n d Powell, of Sandto h a v e been e s ta b lis h e d b y A ilw y n e G o d e g o se , th e f o r d ; th e g r a v e y a r d a p p e a rs to h a v e extended over the
fo u n d e r of th e c h u r c h ; th e q u a in t g a b le d c o t ta g e s at site of th e p re s e n t B e a u m o n t stre e t, in w h ich area
th e en d of R o se la n e , n e x t M e rto n fie ld s , w e r e k n o w n to h u m a n
r e m a in s an d
re lic s
have
been disinter
W o o d as “ T h e G r a n g e ,” a n d h a rd b y w a s an o ra to ry , v a rio u s o ccasio n s.
.
ca lle d “ O u r L a d y in t h e W a ll.”
T h e A u s tin F r ia r s , w h o c a m e h ith e r in 1252, even •
D u r in g 1899-1900 se v e ra l a n c ie n t in n s w e re e ith e r r e ­ a lly e s ta b lis h e d th e m s e lv e s p a rtly on th e site now occu­
m o v ed o r r e b u i l t : th e W h it e H a r t, a q u a in t g a b le d pied b y W a d h a m C o lle g e , in th e an g le formed bv
h o u se in C o r n m a r k e t s tr e e t , h a s bee n r e b u ilt in th e h a lf- s t r e e t an d H o ly w e ll s tr e e t , g ra n te d b y charter of
■
t im b e r e d
s ty le fro m d e s ig n s b y M r. S te p h e n
S a lte r I II. in 1268 ; to th is h o u se b elo n g ed John Lowe, bis p
F .R .I .B .A .
a n d th e E a s t G a te H o te l, in H ig h s tre e t, of R o c h e s te r (14 44 -6 7), an d J o h n C a p g ra v e , an emi
in a s o m e w h a t s im ila r s t y le , b y M r. E . P . W a rre n ; th e
d iv in e a n d c h r o n ic le r , ob. 12 A u g . 1464: in the c
■
P lo u g h , in S t . A ld a te ’ s, h a s also b e e n r e b u ilt.
ch ie fly b u ilt b y S ir J o h n H a n d lo w , of Borstall,
O x fo r d w as a n c ie n tly th e s ite of th e tw o a b b e y s of of th is p rio ry , w as b u rie d W a lte r C u rson esq. of
O seney
and
R e w le y ,
b o th of w h ic h
sto,o dob.
w e s7twAap.
r d 152
of 7, and Isa b e l, his w ife ; their
p e rry
ith
^
th e c ity an d
n e a r th e r iv e r ; O seney' A b b e y w as wfo
u n dbera
d s se s, w as re m o v e d on th e dissolution
in 1129 b y R o b e rt D ’ O illy', n e p h e w of th e firs t o f th a t co n v e n t in 1540 to W a te r p e r r y ch u rc h , where 1
n a m e , fo r C a n o n s of th e A u g u s t in ia n o rd e r, an d w as r e m a in s ; th e s ite , s o m e tim e h e ld by Henrv
'
d e d ic a t e d to S t . M a r y : it s b u ild in g s w e re s itu a te d abo u t D u k e o f S u ffo lk , w as a c q u ir e d b y D orothy
a q u a r te r of a m ile so u th - w e s t o f S t . T h o m a s ’ c h u rc h , fo u n d re ss of W a d h a m C o lle g e in th e reig n of
. erf
an d p a r t ly o cc n p ie d th e g ro u n d n o w in c lo s e d as a c e m e ­
T h e F r ia r s d e S a c c o o r d e Paenitentia Jesu, ca
^
^
t e r y : th e c h u r c h , p la c e d on th e e a s t sid e o f a sp a cio u s in 1262, and ha d a h o u se o u ts id e th e W est ga
q u a d r a n g le , an d so m a g n ific e n t as to b e “ th e e n v y of s ite o f P a r a d is e s q u a re , b u t in 1307. this ° r
p^oall re lig io u s h o u s e s ,” w as 332 f e e t in le n g th , w ith lo fty p ro h ib ite d , th e ir p r o p e r ty w as tra n sferred to
w e ste rn an d
c e n tr a l
to w e rs , in t h e first ofcisca
w h ich
n s. h u n g
¡. ^i,
Tth
he m
T roin
r ia
, as
o r M a th u rin e s , settled he •
nj|,
t h e fin e p e a l
now a t
C h r is t C h u r c h ;
n aita
ste
ryn' sw
a
p3S(
su r r e n d e r e d r7 N o v. 1539, its re v e n u e s b e in g th en e s t i­ in a h o u se g r a n t e d to th e m b y E dm und
m a te d a t ^ 6 5 4 t o s . 2 d . y e a r l y : in 1 5 4 2 . on th e c o n s ti­ E a rl of C o rn w a ll, to th e so u th o f and witlion
tu tio n of th e S e e o f O x fo rd , O s e n e y w a s m a d e th e g a t e ; a f te r so m e v ic is s it u d e s , th e convent was

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