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274

WINDSOR.

BERKSHIRE.

K in g E dw ard V II. H ospital, in St. Leonard’s road, is
a b u ild in g in the m odern Italian s tyle, and has w ards
containing 66 beds, an isolation ward, and every modern
a p p lia n ce ; it was opened by His late M ajesty K in g
E dw ard V II. in 1^09; the num ber of in-patients in 1913
was 733, and the n um ber of outdoor in the sam e year,
1.356, and casualties, 1,039.
H .R.H . The Princess C h ristian ’s M atern ity Hom e is at
A lm a road.
The M aternity Society is an in stitu tio n for the assist­
ance of soldiers' wives and special cases.
H R .H . The Princess C h ristian ’s Home for Trained
N u rses and for payin g patients is in C larence road.
The W indsor Alm shouses, in V icto ria street, founded
in 1503 by I. Tom son and W . H un tred, chaplains, and
I. Com be, gent, are for 32 persons, each of whom
receives ¿ 4 per year, w ith coal and b re a d ; the endow­
m ent of these alm shouses, first bestowed in 1510 by
Thom as Brotherton, and increased by Richard G allis, *
has been augm ented by bequests from Alderm an Hunt
and the late Mr. Jam es Griffin.
C h ario tt’s A lm shouses are for eigh t persons, who
receive 5s. per week.
The Jubilee statu e of Queen V icto ria, erected on the
C a stle b ill by the people of W indsor and the neighbour­
hood, was unveiled by H .R .H . Prince C hristian K .G .
'high stew ard of W indsor, in the presence of Her late
M ajesty and the R oyal F am ily, June 22nd, 1887. The
•figure, which represents the Queen in regal attire,
w earing the ribbon of the G arter and holding the orb
and sceptre, is of bronze, from a design by the late
S ir J. E. Boehm R.A. and stands about 15 feet high,
on a p edestal of Aberdeen gran ite, w hich has angel
supporters at each c o rn e r;
on th e south side is
the
•following in s c rip tio n : “ To
com m em orate the fiftieth
yea r of the glorious reign
of V icto ria, Queen and
E m p ress, June 20th, 1887.”
The total cost
m em orial was about ¿2,500.
T h e foundation stone of the pedestal for the bronze
equestrian statu e of H .R .H . the Prince Consort, p re­
sented to the late Queen V ictoria by the women of the
United Kingdom as p art of th eir Jubilee offering, was
laid by H er late M ajesty on 14th J u ly, 1887, and the
statu e was unveiled on Monday, M ay 12th, 1890, in the
presence of Her late M ajesty and th e Royal Fam ily.
The statue, which has been erected on S m ith ’s Lawn.
W indsor G reat Park, is a copy of the late Baron Maroc h e tti’s figure of the Prince Consort at G lasgow,
executed by th e lato Sir J. E d g ar Boehm R .A . The
front panel contains the following inscription : “ A lbert,
Prince Consort, born A u g. 26, 18 19; died Dec. 14, 1861.
T his statue was presented to V icto ria, Queen and
E m p ress, a token of lo ve and lo yalty from the daughters
•of her E m p ire, in rem em brance of her Jubilee, June 21,
1887. and was unveiled M ay 12, 1890.” The three other
panels bear sim ilarly worded in scriptions in L a tin ,
G aelic and Sanskrit.
W indsor C astle, occup yin g a lo fty and isolated em in ­
en c e of chalk, on the rig h t bank of th e river Tham es,
was begun by W illiam the N orm an and enlarged by
H enry I. who held here, in 1122, his m arriag e feast
w ith A delais or A deliza, daughter of G odfrey, Duke of
L o uvaine. In 1170 H enry II. held a p arliam ent here,
a t which tim e he also entertained W illiam , K in g of
Scotland and his brother D avid. K in g John retired
here d urin g his dispute w ith the barons and went
thence to Runnym ede, 15th June, 1215, to sign the
G reat C h a rte r: in the tim e of his son, H enry III. it
was freq uently attacked b y the contending parties.
The next succeeding kings lived at Windsor, where
several of their children were born, in cludin g Edward
III hence known as E dw ard of W indsor ; th is monarch
reb u ilt the greater p art of the C astle, the fam ous
W illiam of W ykeham , then one of the kin g’s chaplains,
actin g as a rch ite c t; th is great un dertakin g was carried
out from 1356 to 1373 and included the Palace, St.
G eorge's H all, the east and south sides of th e Upper
W ard, the Round Tower, S t. G eorge’s chapel, the
canons' houses, and the whole circum ference of the
w alls, w ith the towers and gates. The existin g chapel
w as, however, b u ilt by Edward IV . and the nave, roof
and choir added by Henry V II. and H enry V III. Most
of the succeeding m onarchs contributed in some w ay to
th e building, b ut G eorge TV. was its ch ief restorer, and
devoted nearly a m illion to the b eau tify in g of th is the
m ost m agnificent b uilding of the kind in Europe, the
whole of the w ork being effected from the designs and
under the supervision of S ir Jeffrey W ya tville, the
k in g’s surveyor-general.
The C astle com prises two
q uadrangles, or Upper and Lower w ards, between which
is the Round tower or keep, raised on an artificial
m ound surrounded b y a m oat, and form erly separated
from the Low er w ard by a m oat w ith a drawbridge.

[ k e l l y 's

The Upper court or ward contains, on the north side,
the state ap artm en ts, the K in g 's p rivate chapel, the
hall of S t. G eorge and the lib r a r y ; it includes with
these K in g John’s tower, G eorge I V .’s tower, th e C orn­
wall and Brunsw ick towers and the Prince of W ales's
tow er; at the south-east angle are the Queen’s private
a p a rtm en ts; on the south those reserved for visitors
and com prising the V ictorian tow er, the Y o rk and
Lancaster towers, flanking George I V .’s gatew ay and
K ing E dw ard I I I .’s tow er; these three sides are alm ost
com pletely surrounded by a m ost noble terrace, faced
by a ram p art of solid freestone and com m anding, n orth ­
wards, a prospect the b eauty and ex ten t of which is
scarcely to be excelled ; below the north terrace, 1,870
feet, in len gth, are “ the slopes,” th ick ly planted with
every v ariety of tree and shrub, interm ingled w ith
grottoes, fish ponds and cascades and intersected by
rustic bridges and sequestered w alks, and at the foot
of the east terrace are the K in g ’s p rivate gardens,
adorned w ith statues of bronze and m arble, vases and
fountains and enclosed b y a pentagonal terrace, beneath
p art of w hich is an extensive orangery and a photo­
graphic studio. W ithin the court, on the north side,
is the state entrance, at th e south-east angle the
S overeign ’s entrance and opposite to it th at for v isito rs;
at the w est end is on equestrian statue in copper, by
S tada, of Charles II. executed at th e cost of Tobias
R ustat, housekeeper at Ham pton C ourt, and towards
the eastern end is a well 120 feet in d e p th ; at the
extrem e south-west corner is St. G eorge’s gate, leading
to Castle H ill, while on the opposite side of the Round’
tower the Norm an gate conducts to the Low er ward ;
this ward contains the chapel of St. G eorge, placed
alm ost cen trally and im m ediately adjoining it, on the
east, the A lb ert chapel, w ith the deanery and cloisters ;
north of these and of the chapel are the residences of
theofthe
canons, and west of th e chapel the Horseshoe
cloisters, w ith houses appropriated to the organist and
the m inor can o n s; on the south side of the chapel is
a spacious open court, in p art laid down w ith tu rf, of
which th e southern boundary is constituted by the
dw ellings of the m ilita ry kn igh ts, while the Guard
house, erected originally by S ir Francis Crane k t. chan­
cellor of the order of the G arter, shuts it in on the
w est; the whole is surrounded, like th e Upper ward,
by a wall and a series of towers, th e chief of w hich are
H enry I I I .’s tow er, the S alisb ury and G arter towers and
Julius Csesar’s or the C urfew to w e r; the la st named
was freq uen tly used, especially durin g the reign of
H enry III. as a prison, and m any nam es of persons
confined th ere are visible upon its w a lls : the upper
portion or belfry was rebuilt under the direction of
H .R .H . the late Prince Consort, and it now contains a
clock w ith chim es and a peal of 8 bells. The Round
tower or K eep, form erly called “ L a Rose,” and b u ilt by
Edward III. has been the prison house of John, K in g
of France, David and Jam es I. K in gs of Scotland, the
Eayl of S u rrey, John, 2nd E arl and 1st Duke of L a u d er­
dale K .G . and John xst E arl of Lin dsay, both of whom
were released at the Restoration, and Charles I. was
brought here (1648), the C astle being held for the
P a rlia m e n t; Charles Louis A uguste Fouquet, C om te de
B elleisle and M arshal of France, captured when passing
through H anover in the reign of G eorge II. was the
last state prisoner confined here, and after his release
resided at Frogm ore : at its foot is a sm all garden, in
sum m er tim e ablaze w ith flowers, where Jam es I. of
S cotland first saw the Lady Jane B eaufort, afterw ards
his q u e e n ; the tower was raised 39 feet and its flag
tu rre t added by G eorge I V . ; the sum m it of th e lofty
m ound on which it stands is reached by a flight of 100
steps and affords a splendid view extending into 12
shires, the heigh t from the level of the L ittle park to
the top of the flagpole being 295 fe e t; in 1868 a bell
w eighing 17 cwt. taken at the siege of Sebastopol, was
hung in the k eep ; the original well, 164 feet deep, for
supplyin g the garrison, is still in existence, 60 feet of
the "upper p a rt is lined w ith stone, the rem ainder cut
through the solid chalk to the river level.
A ccess is obtained to the S tate apartm ents of the
castle b y the N orth terrace and thence by the North
entrance. The Audience cham ber has a ceilin g w ith an
allegorical painting by V errio, in which C atherine of
Braganza, queen of Charles I . is represented as B rit­
annia, on a car drawn by sw an s; m agnificent Gobelins
tap estry, w ith subjects from the sto ry of E sth er,
decorates the walls, and pictures b y H onthorst (Gherardo
della Notte) and Janet. Th e old ball room , now called
the Vandyck room, is entirely bun g w ith portraits by
th at m aster, in cludin g the fam ous picture of Charles I.
and his fam ily and the scarcely less rem arkable portrait
in which the' king’s face is seen from three points of
v ie w ; here are also some m agnificent cabinets. The