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DIKKCTOKY.J

OXFOKD&H1KE.

ro ad an d n e a r th e C h e rw e ll,
side oi the M a rsto n
as built fro m d e sig n s b y M r. D . B o b e rtso n , a t a
' t 0f / 6 ,500, an d r e s to r e d in 1871 a t a co st o f ¿ 1 ,1 0 0 ,
nd is an odidce
«tone in a m o d ified N o rm a n sty le ,
consisting of a c le re s to rie d n a v e , a is le s , w e st p o rch
. nd a w estern to w e r c o n ta in in g 3 b e l l s ; th e a rc a d e s
bave sem i-circu lar a r c h e s an d m a s s iv e p illa r s , w ith
varied c a p ita ls ; th e n ew site , w h ic h h a s been w ell
laid out, has now a v e ry p le a s a n t a v en u e of lim e
trees, and th is a p p ro a c h to th e ch u rc h w ith its a t t r a c ­
tive view of th e fa m o u s to w e r of M .agdalen C o lle g e ,
makes the situ a tio n o f th e c h u r c h th e m o s t b e a u t if u l of
any in O x fo rd : th e e a s t and n o rth w in d ow s are s t a in e d ;
the latter contains th e g la s s fo r m e r ly in th e e a st w ind ow
of St. Martin’s, C a rfa x , befo re its d e m o litio n in 1896, and
presented to th is c h u rc h b y th e la t e G . H . M o rrell
esq. M.P. of H e a d in g to n H ill H a ll, b y w h o se fa m ily
it had been o r ig in a lly p la c e d in S t. M a r t in 's : th e re
are sittings for 800 p e rs o n s.
T h e f u n d s fo r th e b u ild in» of the ch u rch w e re a lm o s t w h o lly g iv e n b y th e
University, th e co lleg es, an d m e m b e rs of th e U n iv e r­
sity. The la te C a r d in a l N e w m a n w as th e n c u r a te of
the parish, and w as th e p r o m o te r o f th e w o rk an d
collector of the fu n d s in 1824-5. T h e r e s to ra tio n of th e
church was du e to th e lib e r a lit y of th e M o rrell fa m ily ,
of Headington H ill H a ll, an d th e r e s e a t in g o f th e ch u rc h
was carried out a t th e e x p e n s e of M rs. S to n e , of
Streatley, a m em ber of t h a t fa m ily . T h e r e g is te r of b a p ­
tisms and m a rria g es d a te s fro m th e y e a r 16 6 6 ; b u ria ls,
1669. The liv in g is a r e c to r y , n e t y e a r ly v a lu e £ 30 0,
with residence, in th e g if t o f t ru s te e s , and held since
1913 by the B e v . T h o m a s W a lt e r G ilb e r t B .D . of B a llio l
College, O xford . S t . C le m e n t ’ s M issio n B o o m , S t.
Clement’s street, b u ilt in 18 91, fro m p la n s b y M r. H .
W. Moore F .B .I .B .A . is a s t r u c t u r e of b ric k w ith stone
dressings, and w ill se a t 250 p e r s o n s : th e h a ll is u sed
as a school for g irls. T h e c h a r it ie s in c lu d e a y e a r ly
sum of about £ 5 b e q u e a th e d b y M r. B r id g w a t e r , in
1854, for fuel sh a red b e tw e e n t h is p a ris h a n d S t . E b b e ’ s,
¿143 for ed ucation, a b o u t £ 2 1 5 fo r c h u r c h r e p a ir s , and
¿ j 1 for the benefit of th e poor.
St. Cross, or H o ly w e ll c h u rc h , o c c u p y in g a s e q u e s­
tered site n ear th e ea ste rn e x t r e m it y of th e s t r e e t of
the same nam e, a t th e n o rth -e a ste rn b o u n d a ry of the
city, was
o rig in a lly
a
ch a p el
b elo n g in g
to
th e
church of St. P e t e r - in - t h e - E a s t ; it w as d e d ic a te d to th e
Holy Cross and d a te s fro m a b o u t 1160, w h en it w as
built at the expense of H u g o d e S t. P e tro , of O x fo rd ,
although B o bert D ’ O y le y is th e r e p u te d fo u n d e r, and
the existing s tr u c tu r e a p p e a rs to be in p a r t h is w o rk :
it is a building of sto n e, c o n s is tin g of ch a n ce l, n av e w ith
clerestory lig h ted b y sm all q u a tre fo il o p en in g s, aisles,
south porch and an em b a ttle d w estern to w e r co n tain in g
0 bells, dating fro m 1620 to 1 7 2 6 : th e u p p e r p a rt of
the tower was ere cte d a b o u t th e y e a r 1464, b y H e n ry
Sever, warden of M erton C o lle g e ( 1 4 5 5 - 7 1 ) : th e p o rch
once had, over th e door, th e d a te 1592, an d th e arm s of
Merton C o lle g e : th e ch an cel a rc h , th e o n ly re m n a n t of
the first ch urch, is c ir c u la r , a n d su p p o rte d on c h a m ­
fered corbels, w ith s t a r o r n a m e n t ; th e n av e is of th re e
bays, and has o ctag o n a l p illa r s on th e n o rth an d ro un d
pillars on the so u th sid e , th e n o rth a n d s o u th to w e r
af c
form ing an a d d itio n a l b a y : th e w in d o w s are
c 1© y 1 erpen dicu lar, an d n e a rly all a re s t a in e d : th e
stone pulpit, affixed to th e w a ll on th e so u th sid e of
e chancel arch, is e n tere d b y a s ta ir p ie r c in g th e
ea st end o f th e so u tb a isle is a tre fo ile d
™ Pedestal : in th e n o rth aisle a re m u r a l m o n u nh ,S<
°,r £e S eid e l D .D . a n a tiv e of L is s a , in P o lan d ,
Spirili i .a n d S o Ph ia A u g u s t a , h is w ife, ob. 1 7 5 2 ; John
sons- w iir
mu747, and. C o n ra d G e o rg e , ob. 1734, his
and ’hi
T h o rp e, tw ic e M a y o r o f O x fo rd , ob. 1800,
BeardwpiiWlves> E liz a b e th and M a r y ; and to J a m e s
in th? y e o m a n
of H is M a je s ty ’ s w in e c e lla r ; ”
n it

HounerM A K ar-e - b rasses to A S n es’ w ife o f T h o m a s
and h J a p" } 'sician and fo rm e r fello w o f N e w C o lle g e,
k n eeW
Ja,n e’ b o tb d e c e a se d
in 1625, w ith
Franklin TO;n!eSic an d to ^ liz a , t h ir d w ife o f T h o m a s
verses i’f j
in b ed , and fo u r c h ild re n , w ith six
benefactor to P . V , ncbanceI w as b ™ e d Jo h n S n e ll, a
altar tombs to r i
¡ ¡ P * 3nd m th e o h u rc h y a rd are
^ wife n V ^ 1,h a m M e rrv m a n , ob. 1628, an d A n n e ,
Strickland
¿0 ’
to M a rg a re t, w ife of E d w a rd
mem’ S ’ lb8 ° ’ ’" it b o tb ^ s o f t h a t n am e to 1835 ;
Oxford ob rfifi .Y d b a m Tbo;rP e > t h r ic e
M a y o r of
'860; her(1\ i e
an, b° S te p h e n E lv e y , M u s. D oc. ob.
tect. ob. 0 S r aS i U n ed T h o m a s H o lt, o f Y o r k , a rc h ifadham Col]?™ '
w ho, fu r n ish ed th e d e sig n * for
^ackworth- in
th e old s c h o o ls : an d also L a d y
s‘fie. and in in
an a is^e w as ad d ed to th e n o rth
®bpn the w hnio3 & COrresP ° n d in g aisle on th e so u th ,
w as se ate d w it h open b e n c h e s ; th e

o x f o jk d .

16 1

in te rio r w as clea n ed an d rep a ired in 1882 a t an e s tim a te d
co st of £ 8 0 ; an d in 1885 th e ch a n ce l w a s fu r t h e r e n ­
rich ed b y h a n d so m e w all p a in tin g s r e p r e s e n tin g O u r
L o rd in g lo r y w ith an g e ls, a t th e c o s t of th e v ic a r of
th e p a ris h : in 1893 th e c le r e s to r y w in d o w s w ere ren e w e d ,
th e ro o f o f th e n ave re s to re d and ric h ly p a in te d and th e
ea s t w a ll of t h e n av e en rich e d b y fre sco e s e x e c u te d in
te m p e ra , on th e p la ste r face of th e w a ll ; th e ce n tra l
g ro u p co n sists o f th e B o o d w ith S t. M a ry and S t. John
and on ea ch side are fig u re s of an g e ls : a m a rb le ta b le t has
also been e re cte d to th e m e m o ry of th e B e v . C an o n G e o rg e
N o el F r e e lin g M .A . v ic a r 1872-92, an d a b ra s s to th e
R ev. H o w a rd F r a n c is L e ig h M .A . v ic a r 18 92-19 06 : in
1898 th e ro o f of th e ch a n ce l w as r ic h ly d e c o r a t e d : in
1902 a m e m o ria l w in d o w w a s p la c e d a t 't h e e a s t en d of
th e s o u th aisle to S ir Jo h n S t a in e r k t. D .C .L ., M u s.D o r
a n d la te U n iv e r s it y P ro fe s s o r of M u sic, d . 3 1 s t M a rc h ,
1901 : t h e r e a re 400 s i t t in g s . T h e r e g is t e r of b a p tis m s
an d b u ria ls d a te s fro m th e y e a r 1653 ; m a r r ia g e s , 1657.
T h e l iv in g is a v ic a r a g e , n e t y e a r ly v a lu e £ 2 0 4 , w ith
resid e n ce, in th e g i f t of M e rto n C o lle g e , an d h e ld sin ce
1907 b y th e B e v . O s ca r D an W a tk in s M .A . of t h a t
c o lle g e . T h e o ld c h a r it ie s of th e p a ris h a re n o w a d ­
m in is te re d b y one C h a r ita b le T r u s t F u n d .
T o th e s o u th a n d e a s t o f t h e c h u r c h e x te n d s th e
s e c lu d e d a n d b e a u t ifu l l i t t l e c e m e t e r y o f H o ly C ro ss , i j
a c re s in e x te n t, w ith it s ch a p el an d lo d g e , th e la s t
r e s tin g p la c e o f m a n y d is tin g u is h e d m e m b e r s of th e
U n iv e rs ity an d re s id e n ts of n ote ; i t se r v e s fo r th e
p a rish e s of S t . C ro ss , A ll S a in ts , S t . J o h n th e B a p tis t,
S t. M a r y th e V ir g in , and S t . P e te r - in -th e - E a s t.
T h e H o ly W e ll, fro m w h ic h t h e p a ris h d e riv e s it s
n am e, w as s itu a te d n o rth of th e c h u rc h , a n d w as d e d i­
ca te d to S S . W in ifr e d an d M a r g a r e t ; in 1834 i t w as a
f a v o u r ite b a t h in g p la c e , a n d in 1848 D r. F it z ja m e s ,
w ard en of M erto n , e re c te d a sto n e b u ild in g o v er it,
and u p to a b o u t 1850 it w as s till a c le a r a n d b e a u tifu l
basin , b u t th e d r a in in g o f th e c e m e t e r y g r a d u a lly
lo w e re d th e w a te r , an d th e w e ll is no w c o v e re d b y th e
ch a p el o f th e siste rh o o d an d th e n o rth w a ll of th e c e m e ­
te ry . I m m e d ia te ly a d jo in in g th e c h u rc h on th e n o rth
is th e a n c ie n t m a n o r h o u se , r e b u il t in 1506, a n d now
c o n v e rte d in to th e O x fo r d fem a le p e n ite n tia ry , a tta c h e d
to w h ic h is a sm a ll ch ap el. T h e d o u b le e n tren c h m en ts
th ro w n u p for th e d e fe n ce o f th e c i t y d u r in g th e C iv il
W a r m a y s t ill b e d is tin c t ly tra ce d in H o ly w e ll G re en
and th e a d ja c e n t m ea d o w s.
S t . E b b e ’ s c h u rc h , in S t . E b b e ’s s tr e e t, one o f th e
m o st a n c ie n t of th e c i t y c h u r c h e s , w as r e b u ilt in th e
E a r ly D ec o ra te d sty le , u n d e r th e d ire c tio n o f M r. W .
F ish er, in 18 14 -16 . a t a c o s t o f a b o u t £ 2 ,0 0 0 , and
re-o p en ed 9 F eb . 1 8 1 7 ; i t is an ed ifice of sto n e, c o n ­
s istin g of c h a n ce l, n a v e , so u th aisle a n d a to w e r c o n ­
t a in in g 6 b e lls, re -c a s t fro m th e fo r m e r p e a l of th re e
m 1790 ; tw o w e re ad d e d in 1803 b y th e g if t s o f M r.
B a k e r and M r. S c a rsb ro o k , a n d th e w h o le r e h u n g in 1904:
th e to w e r a n d a fine N o rm a n d o o rw a y a re t h e o n ly r e ­
m a in in g p o rtio n s of th e old c h u r c h , w h ic h w a s <nven bv
A lan de B r e ta g n e , E a r l o f C o r n w a ll (114 0 -1),'* to th è
A b b e y of E y n s h a m , an d w as d e d ic a te d to S t. E b b e of
E b b a . d a u g h t e r of E t h e lf r id , K i n g o f N o r th u m b e r la n d ,
w ho b e c a m e ab b e ss of C o ld in g h a m , a n d d ied in th e
v e a r 6 8 3 : th e fo n t w as g iv e n b y th e la t e B e v . J a m e s
G riffith D .D . m a s te r o f U n iv e r s it y C o lle g e , 1808-21 : in
r
a m e m o ria l w in d o w w as e r e c te d to th e B i g h t B e v
T h o m a s V a lp y F r e n c h D .D . B ish o p o f L a h o r e . In d ia .
(877-87, a n d r e c to r h e r e 18 75-77, w h o d ie d a t M u s c a t.
M ay 14, 1891 : a ly c h g a te w as e r e c t e d at th e sa m e
tim e as a m e m o r ia l to M rs. K n o x , first w ife of th e
R ig h t B e v . E . A . K n o x D .D . B ish o p of M a n c h e s te r, and
d a u g h t e r of th e la t e B ish o p F r e n c h : th e c h u r c h w as
resto red in 1869, and in 1904 t h e to w e r w as r a is e d 8
fe e t an d th e N o rm a n d o o rw a y re m o v e d fro m th e so u th
aisle and p la c e d a t th e w e st en d so as to fo rm th e m ain
e n tra n c e , a t a to ta l co st of £ 1,0 0 0 : th e re a re 450 s i t ­
tin g s. T h e r e g is te r d a te s fro m t h e v e a r 1558
The
liv in g is a r e c to r y , n e t y e a r ly v a lu e ¿ 2 3 1 , w ith r e s i­
d e n ce , fo r m e r ly in th e g if t o f th e L o rd C h a n c e llo r, b u t
sold b y h im , u n d e r th e A u g m e n t a tio n A c t. to tru s te e s ,
an d h e ld sin ce 19 13 , in p l u r a li t y w ith S t. P e t e r - le - B a ile v
b y d isp e n s a tio n of th e A rc h b is h o p 17 J u ly , 1914 b v th e
B e v . Jo h n S te d w e ll S ta n s fe ld M .A . o f E x e t e r Colleo-e.
O x fo rd , M .B .C .S . T h e p a ro c h ia l c h a r it ie s in c lu d e a b o u t
£ 5 0 a y e a r fo r c h u r c h r e p a ir s , £ 6 fo r d is tr ib u t io n in
b rea d , an d P a lm e r ’s g i f t o f £ 3 , le f t in 18 15 , fo r d o ­
m e s tic se rv a n ts , a n d also £ 1 5 to be sp e n t f o r th e b en e fit
o f th e p o o r o f t h e p a ris h .
S t. G ile s ’ s c h u rc h , p la c e d a t t h e n o rth e rn e x t r e m it y
of th e s t r e e t of t h e sa m e n am e, on t h e ro a d to W o o d s to ck , and fo u n d e d b y A y w in G o d e g o s e , is one o f th e
e a r lie s t e c c le s ia s tic a l s t r u c t u r e s in O x fo rd , p o rtio n s of
it s fa b r ic b e in g T r a n s itio n a l a n d d a tin g fro m a b o u t

5°5

1

OXON.

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