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162

OXFORD.

OXFORDSHIRE.

12 2 0 : it c o n s is ts o f ch a n c e l, w ith s o u th a is le s , h a lfc le r e s to r ie d n a v e o f five b a y s, s o u th p o rc h , a isle s an d
a w e s te r n e m b a tt le d to w e r c o n ta in in g 6 b e lls , a ll of
w h ic h b e a r in s c rip tio n s in L a tin , w it h o u t d a te s , th e
fo u r th h a v in g th e le g e n d “ S o n itu s iE g id i i co n s cen d a t
c u lm in a c o e l i ; ” o f th e e x is t in g c h u r c h , t h e to w e r,
b u ilt o f r u b b le an d s m a ll sto n e s, u n ite d b y a stro n g
c e m e n t, a n d t ie d b y q u o in s of m a s o n r y in a v e r y d u r a ­
b le a n d s u b s ta n tia l m a n n e r, is e v id e n t ly th e o ld e s t
p a r t ; th e n a v e is d iv id e d fro m th e a is le s b y a rc a d e s
o f p o in te d a r c h e s on c y lin d r ic a l c o lu m n s ■with p lain
c a p i t a l s ; th e s o u th c le r e s to r y is a m o d e rn a d d i t io n :
th e s o u th a is le is E a r ly E n g lis h , a n d is lig h te d b y a
s e r ie s o f la n c e ts , a n d th e ch a p e l a t it s e a s te r n en d , p r o ­
b a b ly S t . M a r y 's c h a n t r y , d a te s fro m 12 6 0 : t h e n o rth
a is le a p p e a rs to h a v e o r ig in a lly fo r m e d .se v e ra l d is tin c t
c h a p e ls, ea ch lig h t e d b y d o u b le o r trip le la n c e t w in ­
d o w s, b e n e a th w h ic h is an a rc a d e o f five s e m ic ir c u la r
a r c h e s a t u n e q u a l d i s t a n c e s ; a t t h e e a s t en d is a
p i s c i n a ; th e r o o f o f th e aisle , w h ic h d a te s fro m 1220,
fo rm s fo u r se p a ra te g a b le s , r is in g to th e to p of th e
n a v e p a r a p e t ; t h e c h a n c e l co rre sp o n d s in c h a r a c te r to
t h e to w e r , b o th b e lo n g in g to th e p e rio d 1200 -20; th e
fon t is o f an u n u s u a lly e le g a n t an d r a r e d e s ig n , and
c o n s is ts o f a s q u a r e b a sin , s u rro u n d e d on e v e r y sid e
w ith b ro ad E a r ly E n g lis h m o u ld in g s , d iv id e d b y ro w s
o f to o th -o rn a m e n t, an d is su p p o r te d on a s h o r t ce n tra l
s h a ft , w it h s le n d e r c o lu m n s a t e a c h a n g l e : in th e
n o r th a is le is b u r ie d R ic h a r d R a w lin so n L L .D ., F .S .A .
fo u n d e r of th e P r o fe s s o r s h ip of A n g lo -S a x o n , w h o se
h e a r t is p r e s e r v e d in t h e ch a p el of S t . J o h n ’ s C o l le g e ;
he d ie d a t I s lin g t o n , 6 A p r il, 175 5 . T h e c h u r c h has
55 0 s itt in g s . T h e r e g i s t e r of b a p tis m s d a te s fro m th e
y e a r 1 5 7 6 ; m a r r ia g e s , 15 9 9 ; b u r ia ls , 1605. T h e liv in g
is a v ic a r a g e , n e t y e a r ly v a lu e £ 3 3 0 , in th e p a tro n a g e
o f S t . J o h n 's C o lle g e , a n d h e ld sin ce 19 13 b y t h e R e v .
C h a r le s C u t h b e r t I n g e M .A . o f M a g d a le n C o lle g e , O x ­
fo rd . D r .W illia m J u x o n , A r c h b is h o p of C a n te r b u r y , w h o
a tte n d e d C h a r le s I. on th e sc a ffo ld , w as r e c to r h e re 160915 ; a n d D r. T h o m a s T u r n e r , c h a p la in to th e B a n g w h ile
a p ris o n e r a t CarisbT O oke, w a s r e c to r 1623-8. A n a n c ie n t
g a b le d h o u se , w it h m u llio n e d w in d o w s, a d jo in s th e
c h u r c h y a r d on th e n o r th . A p a ris h T oom w a s ere cte d
in 1887 fro m th e d e sig n s of M r. H . W ilk in s o n M oore,
a r c h it e c t, a t a
c o s t o f a b o u t ^600, an d in 1889 an
a d d itio n a l ro o m w a s b u ilt fo r th e p u rp o s e o f a p a rish
lib r a r y .
T h e c h a r it ie s of t h is p a ris h in c lu d e £ 2 3
y e a r ly fo r c lo th in g a n d e d u c a tio n , £ 2 6 fo r t h e c le r g y
a n d a b o u t ¿ S o fo r d is tr ib u t io n a m o n g s t th e po o r.
T h e c h u r c h o f S t . M a r y th e V ir g in , one o f th e p r in ­
c ip a l o r n a m e n ts
o f th e H ig h s tr e e t , w a s o r ig in a lly a
N o rm a n ed ifice ,
e r e c te d c. 113 9 , b u t t h e w h o le o f th e
e x is t in g s t r u c tu r e , w it h th e e x c e p tio n o f th e D e c o ra te d
to w e r an d s p ire , is P e r p e n d i c u la r : i t co n s ists o f a la r g e
ch a n ce l w it h c h a p e l on t h e n o r th sid e , n a v e , aisle s,
s o u t h p o rc h an d a to w e r on t h e n o rth sid e, w it h sp ire
c o n t a in in g a v e r y fin e p e a l o f 6 b e lls , d a te d r e s p e c t iv e ly
17 3 1 , 1623, 16 4 1, 16 12 (tw o ) a n d 16 3 9 ; th e 4 th b e ll has
tw o lin e s o f m u s ic p ric k e d o u t ro u n d th e w a i s t ; th e
e n t ir e le n g th o f t h e c h u r c h is a b o u t 162 fe e t, an d th e
b r e a d th 5 4 f e e t ; th e h e ig h t o f t h e n a v e ro o f is 70 f e e t ;
th e ch a n ce l is s a id to h a v e bee n b u ilt b y W a lte r L y h e r t
o r le H e r te M .A . p r o v o s t of O rie l (14 3 5 -4 5 ) an d a f te r ­
w a rd s B ish o p of N o r w ic h (14 4 6 -7 2 ); i t is l ig h t e d b y
lo ft y w in d o w s r e a c h in g to th e ro o f, a n d r e t a in s so m e
re m a in s o f th e o r ig in a l r e r e d o s ; A m y (R o b s a rt) w ife
o f R o b e r t D u d le y , E a r l o f L e ic e s te r , w h o m e t h e r
d e a t h a t C u m n o r H a ll, 8 S e p t. 1560, w as b u r ie d a t th e
e a s t end , an d t h e sp o t h a v in g been a p p r o x im a te ly a s c e r­
ta in e d , t h e fo llo w in g in s c rip tio n w as p la c e d on one of th e
a lt a r ste p s in 1874 b y t h e la t e V e r y R e v . J . W . B u rg o n
B .D . s o m e tim e d ean of C h ic h e s te r, and th e n v ic a r : “ In a
v a u lt of b r ic k , at th e u p p e r end of t h is c h o ir, w a s b u rie d
A m v R o b s a rt, w ife of L o r d R o b e rt D u d le y K.G-. S u n d a y ,
22 S e p t. A .D . 15 6 0 ” : a m o d e rn sto n e sc reen , a b o v e w h ic h
is th e o rg a n , d iv id e s th e n av e and c h a n c e l; th e fo r m e r is
of se ve n b a v s, w it h a lo ft y c le re s to ry , lig h te d b y spaciou s
w in d o w s ; b o th n a v e an d c h a n c e l h a v e o p e n -tim b e re d
ro o fs : on t h e n o rth sid e of th e n a v e sta n d th e ca n o p ie d
se a t o f th e V ic e -C h a n c e llo r a n d th e s t a lls o c c u p ie d b y
th e h e a d s of H o u se s , D o c to rs a n d P r o c t o r s ; M a s te rs
an d B a c h e lo rs o f A r t s o c c u p y s e a ts on t h e s o u th sid e
o f t h e n a v e , a n d t h e w h o le of t h e n o r th a is le a n d th e
w e s t e n d h a v e d e ep g a lle r ie s fo r t h e u s e o f t h e u n d e r ­
g r a d u a te s : t h e s o u th p o rch , in th e H ig h s tr e e t , w as
b u ilt in 16 37 b y M o rg a n O w e n D .D . ch a p la in to A r c h ­
bish o p L a u d , a t a c o s t o f ¿ 2 3 0 , a n d th o u g h in c o n ­
g r u o u s , w ith it s t w is te d c o lu m n s a n d r ic h a d o rn m e n ts,
is s in g u la r ly p i c t u r e s q u e : o v e r t h e e n ta b la tu r e of th e
p o rc h is a s t a t u e o f th e V ir g in a n d C h ild , w h ic h w as
d e fa c e d soon a f te r its e re c tio n , a n d th e p la c in g of it
t h e r e m a d e one of t h e a r tic le s of im p e a c h m e n t a g a in s t

[ b e l l y ’s

th e A rc h b is h o p , th e n c h a n c e llo r of th e U niversity- a
p o rch , in c lu d in g th is g ro u p , an d o th e r fig u re s'
re s to r e d in 18 6 5 ; th e to w e r an d s p ire fo rm one of tT
m o s t s t r ik in g o b je c ts in e v e r y d is ta n t v ie w of Oxfon
an d t h e im m e d ia te v ie w fro m th e R a d c liffe square 0
th e n o rth is m a je s t ic in th e e x tr e m e , the m ari1*
s e v e r ity of th e to w e r c o n t r a s t in g fin e ly w ith the rich]8
d e c o ra te d g r o u p s o f p in n a cle s a n d o th e r elabora/
d e ta ils c lu s te r in g a ro u n d th e b a s e o f th e spire th*
h e ig h t of w h ic h , fro m th e b a s e m e n t t o th e vane, h !
fe e t 9 in ch es : a re s to ra tio n of th e e x te r io r was complex
in 1862, u n d er th e d ire ctio n of S ir G . G ilb e rt Scott E.A.th e r e s to ra tio n of th e p in n a cle s , can o pies and statues ath e b ase of t h e sp ire , b e g u n in 1892, u n d er th e directs'
of T . G . J a c k so n esq. M .A ., R .A ., F .S .A . w as rendered
n e c e ss a ry b y th e d e ca yed sta te o f m o st of th is work, owin»
to th e b ad q u a lity of t h e sto n e em p lo ye d b y Mr. Buckle>
d u r in g th e ren e w a ls in 1853, and all save one of the 12
sta tu e s , w h ic h are -j\ fe e t in h e ig h t, and in several ca$ej
of a n c ie n t d a te , h a v e been r e p la c e d b y entirely new
fig u re s ; th e q u e stio n as to th e d e sig n on w hich the pin.
nacles sh o u ld b e re b u ilt e x c ite d a p ro lo n g ed controversy
b u t it w as e v e n tu a lly d e cid ed to a d o p t one of two designs
s u b m itte d b y M r. J a c k s o n ; th e re s to ra tio n of the spire
w as co m p leted in 1896, and d u rin g th e period 1897-1002
th e re n e w a l of th e b a ttle m e n te d p a ra p e ts and pinnacles of
th e c h u rc h w as also c a r r ie d o u t b y M r. Jackson: the
V ice -C h a n ce llo r’ s and D o c to rs ’ se a ts w ere reconstructed
in 1827-8 b y t h e la t e M r. T h o m a s Plow m an, architect
and all th e m o n u m e n ts w e re rem o v ed from the pillars
of t h e n a v e, and in 1900 th e sta lls and panelling in the
c h o ir w e re ren o v a ted an d t h e flo o rin g renewed: St.
M a ry ’s b ein g th e U n iv e r s ity c h u rc h , serm ons are preached
he re e v e r y S u n d a y m o rn in g d u rin g te rm , b y preachers
ap p o in ted in a c co rd an ce w it h a p r e s c rib e d cycle, and here
also in L e n t te r m in a lte rn a te y e a r s are delivered the wellknow n le c tu r e s fo u n d e d b y t h e R e v . John Bampton M.A,
of T r in ity C o lle g e , w ho d ied in 1 7 5 1 : on th e northern side
of th e ch a n ce l is t h e o ld C o n g re g a tio n H o u s e ; it is of
tw o sto re y s, a n d th e lo w e r s to re y , w h ic h has a groined
v a u lt o f t h e D e c o ra te d sty le , w as re s to re d in 1871 and
u sed fo r a t im e as a ch a p e l fo r u n attach ed students:
w e s t o f t h e to w e r is t h e ch a p e l of A d a m de Brome, 1st
p ro v o st of O rie l an d v ic a r o f t h is c h u r c h ; he died 16
J u n e , 1332, a n d h is a lt a r t o m b , w ith th e matrix of a
b ra s s , is in t h e ch a p e l, w h ic h is also used for the
p u rp o se s of t h e B is h o p ’ s C o u r t a n d as an assembly
ro o m fo r H e a d s of H o u ses p re v io u s t o th e Sunday ser­
m ons : in 1899, in co n sid e ratio n o f th e paym ent by Oriel
C o lle g e o f £ 2 7 0 , t h e U n iv e r s ity undertook to put
into re p a ir th e w alls, ro o f, b a ttle m e n ts and pinnacles of
th is ch ap el and keep th e sa m e in rep a ir, Oriel College
s u rre n d e rin g to t h e U n iv e rs ity all it s in tere sts herein, ex­
ce p tin g a r ig h t of a c ce ss to th e to m b of Adam de Brome
for th e p u rp o se o f r e p a irin g th e s a m e : the font was
e x e c u te d in 1828 fro m a d e sig n b y M r. Plowman and at
th e ex p en se of t h e R e v. E d w a rd Hawkins D.D. late
p ro v o st of O riel, w h o died 18 N o v . 1882; in the south
aisle and a t th e w e s t end are se ve ral fine stained win­
d o w s, ch ie fly m em o ria ls, and a m u ra l monument, by
F la x m a n , to S ir W illia m J o n e s ; in th e church are also
b u rie d J o h n R a d c liffe M .P ., M .D . fou n d er of the library
b e a r in g h is n a m e, d . 1 N o v . 1 7 1 4 ; and John Nixon,
fo u n d e r of th e F r e e m e n ’ s S c h o o l, 16 62 ; over the inner
door of t h e to w e r p o rch is a cu rio u s brass, with rebus,
to E d m u n d C ro sto n , a n a t iv e of L a n ca sh ire and incum­
b e n t of B ig g le s w a d e , d. 1507, w it h effig y in almuce, a
fig u r e of S t. C a th e r in e a n d 16 v e rse s ; there are other
b ra s se s to E d w a r d C k e r n o c k , of Brasenose College, d15 8 1, w it h 14 v e r s e s , M a lin a B o y s , d. 1584 (south aisle),
w ith e ffig ie s o f h e r s e lf a n d 12 ch ild ren and 10 La‘ in
v e r s e s ; a n d b ra s s e s w it h in s crip tio n s only to William
d e H a w k s w o r th S .T .P . 3 rd P r o v o s t of Oriel, d. 8 Apra,
1349, an(d N ic h o la s Q u a rm e , o f O riel College, d -. IS ,
T h e r e g i s t e r d a te s fro m th e y e a r 1599- T h e ln'inS
a v ic a r a g e , n e t y e a r ly v a lu e £ 9 0 , in the gift of ur
C o lle g e , a n d h e ld sin ce 1905 b y th e Rev.
A u g u s t u s W h it t u c k M .A . la t e fe llo w of Brasenose l
le g e a n d r u r a l d e a n of O x fo rd . T h e yearly cl 1 «hmit
th is p a ris h in c lu d e ¿ 1 6s. 8d. fo r apprenticing,
£ 32 fo r c h u r c h r e p a ir s , an d a b o u t £ 4 1 for distn “ fh8
T h e c h u rc h o f S t. M a r y M ag d a le n , situated m »
s t r e e t of t h a t n a m e , b e tw e e n t h e Corn m arket
^
G ile s ’ s tr e e t , is an
ed ifice of stone, chiefly
^
D e c o r a te d s ty le , c o n s is tin g o f n av e, north an
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a is le s , s o u th ch a p e l,
s o u th p o rch and a b atte aDli
w e ste rn to w e r , w it h a n g le t u r r e t risin g ab0J e,
Aff0),
c o n ta in in g 6 b e lls, d a te d re s p e c tiv e ly 1S^>2'
¡gte as
1681 an d 1710 , w ith a p r ie s t’s b e ll; an<d a s ^ ^
1562 th e s e b e lls w e r e a lw a y s r u n g on St.
«^zabetb:
17 N o v . t h e d a te of t h e ac ce ssio n of Queen
fe.
th e o r ig in a l c h u r c h w a s N o rm a n , of which

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