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OXFORDSHIRE.

d ir e c t o r y .]

with re tirin g an d c o n s u ltin g ro o m s an d o ffic e s ; in th e
grand ju r y room h a n g fine p o r tra its o f W . H . A s h h u r s t
esq for 24 >'ea rs c h a irm a n o f q u a r te r se ssio n s, w ho
Hied 3 June, 18 46; th e R ig h t H on. J o sep h W a rn e r
Benley P .C ., J .P ., D-.L., M .P . fo r O x fo rd sh ire 18 41-78,
and president of th e B o a rd of T r a d e , 1852 an d 1858-9, d.
q Dec. 1884; H u g h H a m e rsle y esq . c h a irm a n of Q u a r ­
ter Sessions, 1864-78, d. 2 N o v. 1884, and C h a rle s E d w a rd
Thornhill, ch airm a n 18 78 -94 ; an d h e re also a re su spen d ed
the old colours o f th e co u n ty m i l i t i a ; th e offices o f th e
Clerk of th e P ea ce and C le r k o f th e C o u n ty C o u n cil are
within th e b u ild in g , a n d n ew o ffices, b u ilt in 1905 for
educational p u rp o se s, are n o w o cc u p ie d b y th e C o u n ty
Accountant’ s staff.
T h e m e e tin g s of th e O x fo rd s h ire
County C o u n cil are h e ld in t h e N is i P r iu s c o u r t, w h ic h
has been ad opted as a c o u n c il c h a m b e r a n d co n ta in s
the p o rtra its of th e E a r l of J e r s e y an d V is c o u n t
Valentia, th e tw o fir s t c h a irm e n of th e C o u n c il. T h e
sittings of th e O x fo rd C o u n ty C o u r t, and o f th e m a g i s ­
trates of th e B u llin g d o n D iv is io n , a re also h e ld h e re.
The C o u n ty O ffices, a t t h e b o tto m of th e N ew ro ad ,
were erected b y th e C o u n ty C o u n c il in 19 12, a t a co st
of £8,421, and are o cc u p ie d b y th e E d u c a tio n S e c r e ta r y
and staff, C o u n ty S u r v e y o r , C o u n ty M e d ica l O ffice r and
County L a n d A g e n t.
His M ajesty’s P riso n , ere cted in 1805, at a c o s t of
about ¿19,0 00, fro m d e s ig n s b y M r. B la c k b u rn , a r c h i­
tect, stands im m e d ia te ly w it h in th e so u th e rn p re c in c ts
of the castle, and h a s in c o rp o ra te d w ith i t som e p o r­
tion of th e an cien t fo rtre ss , w ith w h ic h th e se v e re style
adopted b y th e a rc h it e c t v e r y w e ll a c co rd s ; a t th e e x ­
treme so u th -w est co rn e r stan d s th e fa m o u s S a x o n to w er,
generally know n as “ M au d ’ s to w e r ,” an d once fo rm in g
the chief of a se rie s o f six p laced a t d iffe re n t a n g le s of
the castle w a l l ; it ap p ears to h a v e e x is te d befo re the
time of R o bert D ’ O y le y , an d to h a v e b ee n b y h im co n ­
verted into a ca m p a n ile fo r th e c h u rc h o f S t . G eo rg e
within the C a s tle ; the w a lls are n e a r ly 10 fe e t in th ic k ­
ness, co n v erg in g to w a rd s th e t o p ; and th e o rig in a l en­
trance was by a flig h t of s te p s fro m th e o u t s id e ; th e re
is a round t u r r e t a t t h e so u th -e a s t a n g le, and t h e p a ra ­
pet is c re n e lla te d ; a b o u t 70 fe e t fro m th is to w e r is a
small b u t h ig h ly in t e r e s tin g S a x o n c r y p t, 20 fe e t sq u are,
with a v au lted roof, su p p o rte d on d w a rf co lu m n s, w ith
elongated and sin g u la r ly c a rv e d c a p it a l s ; it ap p ears
originally to h a ve been v e r y n e a rly u n d e r th e e a st end
of St. G eo rg e’ s c h u rc h , th o u g h " n o t a g r e e in g in its
dimensions w ith t h a t b u ild in g , b u t on t h e e re ctio n of
the new prison th e w hole w a s c a r e fu lly s h ifte d , an d r e ­
built at a d ista n ce o f i£ fe e t fro m its p r e v io u s s ite :
forming p a rt of th e w e ste rn b o u n d a ry o f th e ca s tle is
the great m o u n t, ra ise d in th e 9 th c e n tu r y fo r th e
double pu rpose of d e fe n ce and o b se rv a tio n , on w h ich
Ajras seems to show a h u g e d e ca g o n a l or ro u n d to w er,
winch, if it ev er e x is te d on t h is s ite , h a s w h o lly d isa p ­
peared ; but th e a n c ie n t v a u lte d w ell ro o m in th e ce n tre
of the m ount, b u ilt in th e re ig n o f H e n ry I I . s till e x ists,
and is reached, as o f old, b y a v a u lte d s ta ir w a y fro m
the o u tsid e; th e w ell it s e lf is 54 fe e t d e ep fro m th e
noor of th e w ell ro o m , o r fro m th e s u m m it of th e
ount about 70 f e e t ; th e w h o le m o u n t is no w th ic k ly
jrrown w ith larg e tre e s. A t a b le t on th e w a ll of th e
u ronty Hall y a rd , e re cte d in 1877 b y th e la te J . M .
avenport esq. C le rk of th e P e a c e , re c o rd s th e “ B lack
of J u ly. IS > w h en S ir R o b e rt B e ll k t. L o rd
\f
u k ° n> tlle
S h e riff, S ir R o b e r t D ’ O y le y kt.
- r. Barham , S e r je a n t-a t- L a w , se v e ra l m ag istra tes* and
aoout 300 o th e r p erso n s d ie d fro m a su d d en o u tb rea k

77

T 6rhe priso n w a s en la rg e d
nr,™
g o v e rn o r’ s resid e n ce in to a
T ??® ?’ .a ^ ®r e c t in g a new h o u se fo r
A i i ° f , 0 ffic e ’ e re cte d in 1879, on

in 1858, b y conw ard fo r fem ale
th e g o ve rn o r.
t h e w e s t sid e of

o ccn n io /f& S4 . w ee t’ *n 1,eu of th e Pre m is e s so lo n g
b S l
J
p u rp o se b e n e a th th e old T o w n H a ll, is a
Dot-hip8, a a S^0ne’ w e ‘ l d e sig n e d in an e a r ly sty le of
the nri'n„-n 1
ro y a l a r m s in th e ty m p a n u m of
the Mnno c e n t r a n c e ; th e g ro u n d flo o r is d e v o te d to
the ffpneriTi ?
?r an d S a v in g s B a n k d e p a rtm e n ts and
bein<Y opp, • ’ls,n ess
th e office, th e tw o u p p e r floors
ments • at th«8i by .th e T e l e g r a p h a n d T e le p h o n e d e p a rtOn iho
n
l s .a Ia r" e s o r t m ? ro o m and p a rc e l office,
designed h v £ ern Slde of fche H ig h s t r e e t is th e M a rk et,
'774 under
!!n ’ A nd ° P ened on S t - T h o m a s ’ day,

7

improvement of th e“ . f arh™ ent P!lss‘,<1 in W 7I for the
avenues
5
01*-v ;
co n sists o f fo u r principal
and has a
in te rv a ls b y a lle y s of less w id th ,
north nr Mn
co v ere d c o u r t w ith a fou n tain a t the
and o r n a m i 1 LStr,ee t en tra n c e , fo r th e sale o f fish,
devoted tv*
sh ru b s an d t r e e s ; th e m ain po rtio n is
unir|;Hf
™ eafc: v e g e ta b le s and f r u it , and th e w hole
avenue was

Sil(*n

3

J'
Tn 1894 tht* SOllth ond of N o *
do w n an d re c o n s tru c te d , from plans

OXFORD.

I f>91

b y M r. W . H. C a stle, es ta te s su r v e y o r to th e C o r p o r a ­
tion ; th is w o rk m a rk s th e co m p letio n o f a se rie s of
im p ro v e m e n ts w h ich h a ve bee n c a r r ie d o u t in th e
M a rk e t b u ild in g s d u r in g se ve ral p re c e d in g y e a r s . T h e
co n tro l o f th e M a rk et, v e s te d in th e C h a n ce llo r o f th e
U n iv e rsity sin ce t h e re ig n o f E d w a rd H I . is n o w , u n d e r
th e C i t y of O x fo rd O rd e r, 1889, r e c o n s titu tin g th e
C o rp o ra tio n , v ested in an d a tta c h e d to t h a t b o d y , and
m a n a g e d b y a M a rk e ts C o m m itte e , b u t th e U n iv e rs ity
still r e t a in s th e r ig h t of a p p o in tin g tw o C le r k s of th e
M a rk e t, w ho a re ch o sen a n n u a lly ; one b y th e C h a n c e llo r,
and th e o th e r b y th e V ice -C h a n ce llo r, t h e ir ju ris d ic tio n
e x te n d in g to th e in sp ectio n o f w e ig h ts an d m e a su re s.
A m a r k e t is h e ld e v e r y W e d n e sd a y a t G lo u c e s te r g re e n .
A ll r e g u la tio n s c o n c e r n in g th e m a r k e t are m a d e by
co m m issio n e rs a p p o in te d fo r th e p u rp o se .
T h e an n ual an d h is to r ic fa ir of S t. G ile s , one of th e
la rg e s t and m o st p o p u la r s till e x is t in g , is h e ld on th e
first M o nday and T u e s d a y fo llo w in g th e S u n d a y a fte r 1
S e p te m b e r (F e a st of S t . G i l e s ) ; if th is fe s tiv a l fa lls on a
S u n d a y th e f a ir is h e ld on th e fo llo w in g M o n d a y and
T u e s d a y ; S t. C le m e n t’s, a n o th e r an n u al fa ir, is held on
th e T h u r s d a y b efo re M ic h a e lm a s , fo r t o y s .
T h e re is
a n o th e r fa ir h e ld a n n u a lly on th e 3rd M ay a t G lo u c e s te r
g re e n .
T h e p r in c ip a l B a n k s a re th e L o n d o n C o u n ty an d
W e s tm in s te r , a lo ft y an d w e ll-d e s ig n e d b u ild in g of
sto n e in th e G o t h ic s t y le , e re cte d in 1866, a t a co st
of ¿10 ,0 0 0 , im m e d ia te ly o p p o site A ll S a in ts ’ c h u r c h ;
B a r c la y a n d C o m p a n y L im it e d , H ig h s tr e e t , 119 S t.
A ld a te ’s s t r e e t an d 71 B a n b u r y r o a d ; C a p it a l and
C o u n tie s B a n k , C o r n m a r k e t s t r e e t ; L lo y d s B a n k , H ig h
s t r e e t ; G ill e t t a n d C o . 54 C o r n m a r k e t s t r e e t ; th e
N a tio n a l P r o v in c ia l B a n k of E n g la n d L im it e d , 32 C orn
m a r k e t s t r e e t ; th e U n io n of L o n d o n an d S m ith s B a n k
L im it e d , in H ig h stre e t ; th e L o n d o n C i t y an d M id la n d
B ank L im it e d , 64 a n d 65 C o r n m a r k e t s tr e e t , an d th e
L o n d o n C i t y an d M id la n d B a n k L im it e d (M e tro p o lita n
B a n k b ra n c h ), 61 an d 62 C o rn m a rk e t s t r e e t ;
th e
p re m is e s o f th e la s t m e n tio n e d , e r e c te d in 1890, o cc u p y
th e s ite o f an a n c ie n t an d w e ll-k n o w n h o u se , th e
p a rg e tt e d p a n e ls o f W hich h a v e b ee n p la c e d in th e
A sh m o le a n M u s e u m ; th e n ew b a n k is c o n s tr u c t e d o f
D o u ltin g sto n e, fro m d e s ig n s b y th e la t e M r. H . G . W .
D rin k w a te r F .R .I .B .A . o f O x fo rd .
O f th e p r in c ip a l h o te ls, th e M itr e , in H ig h s t r e e t ,
e s ta b lis h e d 1400, is n o w th e o ld e s t e s ta b lis h m e n t of
th e k in d in t h e c i t y , s t il l m a in ta in in g , as in t h e old
c o a c h in g d a y s, a h ig h r e p u t a t i o n ; a p o rtio n o f th e
o r ig in a l g a b le d s t r u c tu r e rem a in s a t th e b a c k ; i t has
been en la rg e d an d m u c h im p ro v e d , w h ile t h e t ra d itio n a l
a n t iq u it y of t h e b u ild in g h a s been c a r e fu lly p re s e rv e d .
T h e C la re n d o n an d t h e R o e b u c k , in C o r n m a r k e t s tr e e t,
a re b o th h o s te lrie s of lo n g s ta n d in g an d in t im a t e ly c o n ­
n e c te d w ith th e p o litic a l h is to r y o f t h e b o r o u g h ; th e
R a n d o lp h , in B e a u m o n t s t r e e t , e re c te d in 1864, a t a
to ta l co st
of ¿30 ,0 0 0 , is a n ew a n d fine h o te l and
e x tr e m e ly
w e ll- a p p o in te d , w ith a sp a c io u s a s s e m b ly
ro o m , c o n s tru c te d in 1890, e x te n s iv e sta b le s a n d lo c k - u p
c a r r ia g e h o u ses, m o to r g a r a g e & c. ; th e K i n g ’s A r m s .
P a rk s ro a d , is a q u ie t, o ld -fa s h io n e d h o u se , n e a r th e
N ew P a r k s ; an d t h e G o ld e n C ro ss is in t h e C o r n m a r k e t.
S everal
n ew sp a p ers a re p u b lis h e d h e r e .
“ O x fo rd
J o u r n a l.” illu s t r a t e d ( c o n s e r v a tiv e ) , e s ta b lis h e d n M ay,
• th e “ O x fo r d C h ro n ic le a n d B e rk s an d B u ck s
G a z e tt e ” ( lib e r a l) , e s ta b lis h e d 4 F e b r u a r y , 1 8 3 7 ; th e
“ O x fo rd T im e s ” ( c o n s e r v a tiv e ) , o r ig in a te d 6 S e p t.
r862 ;
th e
“ O x fo rd
R e v ie w
an d
U n d e r g r a d u a te s ’
J o u r n a l,” p u b lish e d d a ily d u r in g t e r m ; th e “ O x fo rd
M a g a z in e .” is su e d ( F r id a y ) fro m th e U n iv e r s it y P res s.
T h e “ O x fo rd U n iv e r s ity G a z e tt e ,” w h ic h firs t ap p eare d
in 1870, is an o ffic ial p u b lic a tio n is s u e d w e e k ly d u r in g
term fro m
th e C la re n d o n P re s s . W ith t h e
“ O x fo rd
T i m e s ” is co n n e cte d th e “ O x fo rd s h ire W e e k ly N e w s ”
(W e d n e sd a y ) an d th e “ N o rth B e r k s H e ra ld ” ( S a t u r d a y ) .
On th e open sp a ce ea stw a rd o f M ag d a le n B r id g e sta n d s
th e V ic to r ia fo u n ta in and c lo ck to w e r, p res e n te d t o th e
C ity b y th e la t e M r. an d M rs. G . H . M o rre ll, o f H e ad in s to n H ill H a ll, a n d o p en e d 25 M a y , 1899, b y H .R .H .
P rin c e ss L o u is e , D u c h ess o f A r g y ll.
T h e s tru c tu re ,
d e sig n e d b y M r. E . P. W a r r e n , a r c h it e c t, o f L o n d o n , is
of sto n e, w ith an o ak en ro o f, su p p o rte d on c o lu m n s, and
s u r m o u n tin g th is a clo ck to w e r w ith fo u r d ia ls an d a
2-ilt v an e.
C h a r it a b le I n s t it u t io n s .— T h e R a d c liffe I n fir m a r y and
C o u n ty H o s p ita l, ere cte d u n d e r a le g a c y b e q u e a th e d b v
D r. John R a d c liffe . th e c e le b ra te d r o y a l p h y s ic ia n , is a
p la in b u t sp a cio u s b u ild in g of sto n e , w ith d e ta c h e d
b lo ck s in th e r e a r c o n s tr u c te d of b r ic k , c o n ta in in g
v a rio u s w a rd s , an d o c c u p y in g a r e t ir e d s ite on th e w est
sid e of t h e W o o d sto c k ro a d , so m e d is ta n c e a b o v e S t.
G ile s ’ c h u r c h ; th e b u ild in g w as d e sig n e d b y M r. L e a d b e t te r , of L o n d o n , th e fo u n d a tio n sto n e b e in g la id in

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