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18 2

OXFORD.

OXFORDSHIRE.

o f 70,000 s p e c im e n s ; th e s e , w it h an e x te n siv e b o ta n ic a l
lib r a r y , le c tu re -ro o m and la b o ra to rie s , are co n tain ed in
b u ild in g s on e ith e r sid e of th e g a te w a y , and on th e ea st
sid e are a rra n g ed th e v a rio u s c o n s e rv a to rie s an d p lan t
h o u ses. In 1893-4 a n ew p a lm -h o u se , 40 b y 30 fe e t, a
su c c u le n t h o u se of s im ila r size , and tw o o th e r la rg e
g la s s - h o u s e s , to g e th e r w it h p o t tin g sh e d s, g a rd e n e rs ’
and o th e r o ffices, co n n e cted b y a c o rrid o r 90 fe e t in
le n g th , w ere e re c te d on th e s ite of se ve ral old h o u ses
n e a r t h e C h e r w e ll. In 19 11 an a d d itio n a l la b o r a to r y
an d c la s s ro o m w e re b u ilt on th e w e s t sid e o f th e
g a te w a y .
T h e G a rd e n is open to m e m b e rs of th e U n iv e r s ity
and p u b lic on w e e k -d a y s ( C h r is t m a s D a y and G ood
F r id a y e x c e p te d ) fro m 7 a .m . to 5 o r 6 p .m ., an d the
p la n t h o u ses fro m 2 to 4 p . m . ; th e lib r a r y , h e rb a riu m
and m u s e u m are open on w e e k d a y s to m e m b e rs of th e
U n iv e r s it y an d o th e rs b e tw e e n 10 a .m . a n d 4 p .m . on
a p p lic a tio n to th e P ro fe sso r of B o ta n y , S y d n e y H . V in es
M .A .. D .S c ., F .R .S .
A m o n g th e e x is t in g re m a in s of e x tin c t a c a d em ic a l
fo u n d a tio n s m a y b e m en tio n e d B la c k H a ll (13 6 1) and
M id d le to n H a ll (16 6 3 ), in S t . G ile s ’ stre e t, K e tt e l H all
( 1 6 1 5 ) , in B ro a d stre e t. S an d H a ll and o th e rs in H o lyw ell,
and B ih a m o r B e a m H a ll in M erton stre e t, all of w h ic h are
now p r iv a te h o u s e s : o n e w in d ow of th e r e fe c to r y , to ­
g e t h e r w ith th e c r y p t of T a c k le y H a ll, n o w fo rm s p a rt
o f th e p re m is e s once o c c u p ie d b v M r. Boffin, in th e H ig h
s t r e e t ; th e c r y p t of K n a p p H a il, now a w in e c e lla r, is
a t th e top of S t . A ld a te 's s tr e e t , and in N e w In n H all
s tr e e t s till sta n d s th e g a t e w a y of S t . M a r y ’ s C o llege,
fou n d e d b y T h o m a s H o lden esq. and E liz a b e th h is w ife,
b y le tte rs ' p a te n t, 14 D e c . 1435, fo r Canons of the
A u g u s tin ia n o r d e r ; th e b u ild in g s in c lu d e d a lib r a r y ,
h a ll an d ch ap el, b u t w e re d ism a n tle d in 1556 : th e p rio ry
w as d isso lv e d in 15 4 1, and th e place a fte rw a rd s becam e
a h a ll of th e U n iv e r s it y , an d n ex t a c h a r it y school and
a lm sh o u se of th e c i t y , ca lle d “ B r id e w e ll.”
T h e U n iv e r s it y b o a t h o u se , situ a te d on th e B e rk sh ire
s id e o f th e riv e r , so m e d ista n ce b elo w th e C h e rw e l!,
w as e re c te d in 1881, in place of th e p re v io u s b u ild in g ,
u n fo rtu n a te ly c o n s u m e d b y fire a lm o st im m e d ia te ly a fte r
its e r e c t io n ; t h e lo w e r sto re y is c o n s tru c te d of brick
w ith sto n e d re ssin g s , and h a s on th e n o rth side a
sp a cio u s b a lu stra d e d te r r a c e , in t h e ce n tre o f w hich
r ise s a p ic tu r e s q u e g a b le d b u ild in g of b r ic k and tim b e r
w o rk, w ith e a ste rn and w e ste rn w in g s, in th e la te r
E n g lis h D o m e stic s t y l e ; th e lo w e r sto re y is u sed for
th e re c e p tio n o f b o ats, and th e first floor co n tain s
d r e s s in g an d o th e r ro o m s ; th e su rro u n d in g in c lo s u re is
laid o u t as a g a rd e n and a d ja c e n t are ten n is la w n s. On
th e o p p o site sid e of th e r iv e r a re m o o red th e v a rio u s
co lle g e b a r g e s ; th e se s e rv e as a q u a tic c lu b h o u se s,
and are a rra n g e d w ith in as re a d in g and d re ssin g ro o m s ;
th e la r g e s t and m o s t co n s p icu o u s is th e U n iv e rsity
b a rg e , th e h ead q u a rte rs of th e O x fo rd U n iv e rs ity
B o a t C lu b , w h ic h co n tain s p o r tra its of d istin g u ish e d
o arsm en , and th e P r e s id e n tia l c h a ir, m ad e fro m
a
s e c tio n of th e v ic to r io u s b o a t of 1843, w h en O x fo rd
d e fe a te d C a m b r id g e , a t H e n ley, w it h se ve n o ars, th e
b la d e s of w h ic h a r e a rra n g e d aro u n d th e b a c k of th e
c h a ir. B u m p in g ra c e s fo r e ig h t- o a r e d b o a ts a re ro w ed
t w ic e a y e a r, in F e b r u a r y an d M a y : th e fo rm e r, for
se co n d c re w s , a r e ro w e d in c lin k e r - b u ilt b o a ts , w ith
fix e d se a ts a n d a re ca lle d “ T o r p i d s ; ” t h e la t te r , for
f ir s t c re w s , in l ig h t b o a ts w ith s lid in g se a ts . R a ces
for c o x s w a in le s s fo u rs are h e ld in M ic h a e lm a s te r m ,
a n d fo r c lin k e r - b u ilt fo u rs in L e n t t e r m ; th e r a c e fo r
th e U n iv e r s it y s c u lls is ro w ed a fte r th e su m m e r ra c e s
a re o v er. T h e U n iv e r s it y t r i a l e ig h ts ra c e is rowe-d
e a ch N o v e m b e r a t M o u ls fo rd , a n d it is fro m th e se
c re w s t h a t v a c a n c ie s in th e U n iv e r s it y e ig h t a r e filled
u p . T h e O x fo rd an d C a m b r id g e b o a t r a c e now ta k e s
p la c e ju s t b e fo re E a s te r on th e T h a m e s b e tw e e n P u tn e y
a n d M o r t l a k e ; u p to a n d in c lu d in g 19 14 , 43 ra c e s h a ve
bee n w o n b y O x fo rd an d 33 b y C a m b r id g e .
N o n e of t h e a b o v e -m e n tio n e d r a c e s h a v e ta k e n p la c e
sin c e t h e c o m m e n c e m e n t of th e w ar.
T h e n e w p a v ilio n , e re c te d in 1900 o n th e U n iv e rsity
foo tb all g ro u n d in Iffle y ro ad , h a s a la rg e ce n tra l h a ll, for
u se as a clu b -ro o m , m e a su rin g 40 fe e t b y 18 fe e t, and
s e p a ra te a p a rtm e n ts fo r th e d iffe re n t tea m s e n g a g e d in
th e m a tc h e s , w ith co m p le te s e ts of d re ssin g ro o m s on
eith e r s i d e : t h e pavilio n is a rra n g e d in te rra c e s so as to
hold fro m 6,000 to 7,000 s p e cta to rs , and th e re is also on
th e g ro u n d a se p a ra te s h e lte r fo r la d ies.
TH E CO LLE G E S AND H ALLS.
T h e r e a re tw e n ty -o n e co lle g e s and one (in d e p en d en t)
h a ll, S t. A lb a n H a ll h a v in g been in 1882 in c o rp o ra te d w ith
M erton C o lle g e , N e w In n H a ll a tta c h e d , in J u n e , 1887,
to B a llio l C o lle g e , and S t . M a ry H a ll, in J u ly , 1902, in c o r­

[ k e l l t ’s

p o rated w ith O riel C o lle g e , u n d er th e provisions of
s t a t u t e fra m ed in 188 x b y th e U n iv e r s ity Commissioners8
T h e H a lls w ere n ev er in c o rp o ra ted b o d ies, b u t their niem
b e rs , as r e g a rd s th e U n iv e rs ity a t la r g e , enjoyed the same
p riv ile g e s as m e m b e rs of co lleg es.
E a c h college has a
re s id e n t h e a d , u n d e r one of th e v a rio u s title s of dean
re c to r, p ro v o st, w ard en , p re s id e n t, m a s te r, or principal’
b u t all th e h e ad s of h a lls w ere s ty le d p rin c ip a ls. The head
of a c o lleg e is ch o sen b y th e F e llo w s, e x c e p t in the instance
o f C h r is t C h u rch , th e d ean of w h ic h is nominated by
th e C ro w n , an d K e b le C o lle g e , w h e re th e warden is
a p p o in te d b y th e co u n cil. In th e ca se of St. Edmund
H a ll, th e p r in c ip a l is a p p o in te d b y th e Provost and
F e llo w s of Q u e e n ’ s C o lle g e : a ll h e a d s h ip s are tenable
fo r life . T h e F e llo w s , in c o n ju n c tio n w ith the head
of th e c o lle g e , a re in a ll ca se s th e d irecto rs of its
in te r n a l r e g u la tio n a n d th e m a n a g e r s of the property
an d e s ta t e s of th e s o c ie ty : th e re m a in in g members of
th e s e v e ra l c o lle g e s are th o se g r a d u a te s who maintain
th e ir n a m e s u p o n th e bo o ks, a n d th e o th er members
o f th e fo u n d a tio n , in c lu d in g sc h o la rs ca lled at Christ
C h u r c h “ ju n io r s t u d e n t s ,” a t M a g d a le n “ demies"
(“ se m i s o c i i ” ) , and a t M erto n “ p o s tm a s te r s ” (“ per.
tio n istse ” ), b e s id e s e x h ib itio n e r s , b ib le c le rk s, chaplains,
and a fe w o th e r sp e cia l o fficers, v a r y in g in different
s o c ie tie s , and th e co m m o n e rs, or u n d erg ra d u ate s not on
th e fo u n d a tio n ; th e t itle of “ s e r v ito r ,” once applied to a.
ce rta in class of u n d e rg ra d u a te s in m an y colleges, is now
no lo n g e r u sed . F e llo w s a n d S c h o la rs are m o stly elected
b y th e H e ad and F ello w s, a fte r a c o m p e titiv e examination:
so m e fello w sh ip s w e re once v a c a te d b y m arriage, or by
a cce ssio n to e c cle sia stica l p re fe rm e n t or to property of a.
ce rta in am o u n t, b u t th e re s tric tio n s on m arriag e are now
for th e m o s t pax-t rem o v ed , e x ce p t so fa r as is necessary
to en su re th e re s id e n ce of som e F ello w s in college. Pro­
fe sso r fello w sh ip s are ten ab le fo r life : a t C h rist Church,
w h ere t h e r e is a C a p it u la r as w e ll as a C o lle g iate body, the
D ean is t h e h e a d of b o th , t h e stu d e n ts in th e latter case
co rre sp o n d in g in so m e re s p e c ts to F ello w s in colleges: in
co lle g e s w it h ch o irs, sin g in g c le rk s, ch o risters and or­
g a n is ts are also a m o n g th e m e m b e rs. T h e college servants
co n sist of th e b u tle r , th e m a n cip le or stew ard , cooks and
g e n e r a l m e n -s e r v a n ts k n o w n as “ s c o u ts,” bed makers
a n d p o r t e r s ; a n d th e re a re g e n e r a lly one or more
m e s s o n g e r s : t h e r e a re fo u r te r m s in th e year, viz.:
M ich a elm a s te r m , fro m 10 O c t. to 17 D e c .; Hilary or
L e n t te r m , fro m 14 J an . to th e d a y before Palm
S u n d a y , e x c e p t t h a t d a y sh o u ld b e a festiv al, when the
te rm end s th e M o n d a y fo llo w in g ; E a s te r term , from the
W e d n e sd a y a fte r E a s te r S u n d a y to th e Friday before
W h it S u n d a y ; an d T r in it y or A c t te rm , which begins
on th e d a y befo re W h it S u n d a y an d u su a lly ends on
the first T u e s d a y in J u ly , b u t m a y b e continued beyond
th a t d a y b y C o n g re g a tio n : fo r m a n y professors’ lectures,
h o w e v e r, and for so m e o th er p u rp o ses, E a ste r and Trinity
t e r m s a r e t o g e th e r co n s id e re d as one, b u t the periods of
a c tu a l re s id e n c e fo r u n d e r g r a d u a te s are m uch shorter.
THE

CO LLEGES.

U n iv e r s it y

C o lle g e.

V is it o r , T h e K in g .
U n iv e rs ity C o lle g e , tra d itio n a lly said to have been’
fou n ded b y A lfre d th e G re a t in 872, w as permanently
en d o w ed w ith a su m of 310 m a rk s under the will 0
W illia m of D u r h a m , A rc h b ish o p of R ou en, who died 1
12 49 : litt le is k n o w n of h im , e x c e p t th at h e was orm e rly r e c to r of B ish o p W e a rm o u th , and ikstanfpuaujj
eq u a lly fo r h is le a rn in g an d w ea lth , which he t
e s p e c ia lly b e q u e a th e d fo r th e su p p o rt of a considers
n u m b e r of m a s te r s of a r ts . T h e so c iety first bene
b y th e b e q u e s t of 1253, a n d th e first statutes bear
d a te of 1280. A n en la rg e d cod e w as drawn up in 129 •
and o th e r re v is io n s to o k p la c e in 1311 and subae<* V n
y e a rs. T h is b o d y of s t a t u t e s w a s in force till 172&.
a d is p u te d ele c tio n to th e he ad sh ip of the co
re s u lte d in th e fo rm a tio n of a n ew code, which remai
in fo rc e u n til m o d ified c o m p u ls o rily b y the ordxna
1854, in co n seq u en ce of t h e actio n of the Unive _
C o m m is s io n : sin ce t h a t tim e th e re have been
fu r t h e r a lte ra tio n s in t h e s ta t u t e s , one in 1872 a
o th e r in 188r, a n d n u m e ro u s am e n d m e n ts suliseq ^
d o w n to 19 12. T h e fo u n d a tio n now consists of a r '
13 F e llo w s ( in c lu d in g a S to w e ll L a w F ellow , t e
m e n t fo r w h o m w a s p ro v id e d b y L a d y S ia m
. .
18 37),
S c h o la rs and 15 E x h ib itio n e rs ,
^ya]ter
b e n e fa cto rs to th e c o lle g e h a v e been Henry ' I ■- , 0|
S k ir la w , B ish o p of D u r h a m ; H en ry Perej'i
Sjr
N o r th u m b e r la n d ; R o b e rt D u d le y , E a r l 01 Lei
^ j 0j^
S im o n B e n n e t b a r t. ; th e R e v . C h a rle s Green
’^¡ck
R a d o liffe M .D . ; D r.
J o h n B ro w n e ;
Dr. r parker
C h a rle s P lu m p t r e and th e R t. Hon. L.

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