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OXFORDSHIRE.

d ir e c t o r y .]

o x fo rd .

1.57

eSent c ity
o f O x fo rd ,
w as
fou n ded
b y R o b e rt I th e n a v e a n d c h o ir , b u t p o in ted to w a rd s th e t ra n s e p ts , a ll
n’O yley. the second (n ep h e w to th e firs t of t h a t n am e), I a re , h o w e v e r, o f th e sa m e T r a n s itio n a l c h a r a c te r , an d th e
to w e r is now , as o r ig in a lly , open to t h e l a n t e r n : d u r in g
t the desire of h is w ife E d ith , in th e re ig n o f H e n ry I.,
112 9 ; and on its d isso lu tio n R o b e r t K in g , last th e r e p a ir s of 1856, a r e liq u a r y c h a m b e r 7 fe e t lo n g , 7 fe e t
h ig h an d 5^ fe e t w id e , w as d is c o v e re d im m e d ia te ly u n d e r
■ibbot of O seney, w a s ap p o in te d bishop o f th e n ew see,
th e e a s te r n to w e r a rc h , c o n s tr u c t e d o f r u d e sto n e w o rk ,
' Sept. 1542 ; H e n r y V I I I . 9 J u n e , 1545, t ra n s la te d th e
episcopal see to th e ca th e d ra l c h u rc h o f C h r is t, in O x ­ w ith tw o a u m b r ie s : th e tra n s e p ts a re L a t e N o rm a n ,
ford, attached to th e c o lle g e fo u n d e d b y W olse y in 1525, c o r r e s p o n d in g in d a te , an d b o th ha d a t firs t e a s te rn an d
w e ste rn a is le s ; th e l a r g e fiv e -lig h t w-indow a t th e en d of
on the site of th e s u p p re s se d p r io r y of S t . F rid e sw id e ,
th e n o rth a is le w as p re s e n te d in 1876 b y th e M a rq u e s s of
and refounded b y th e K in g in 15 3 2 ; an d he fu r th e r
•uanted som e of th e e s ta t e s w h ic h ha d been a p p ro p riated L o th ia n , as a m e m o r ia l to h is b ro th e r, an d r e p re s e n ts in
[,v Cardinal W olse y to th e m a in te n a n c e of h is c o lleg e to g o rg e o u s c o lo u r in g “ th e E x p u ls io n of th e F a lle n A n g e ls
b y S t. M i c h a e l ; ” b elo w it is th e to m b of J a m e s L o u c h
the Dean and C h a p t e r ; th e v a lu e o f th e see, as rep o rted
by the co m m ission e rs fo r in q u ir in g in to th e e c c le sia stic a l o r S o u ch (ob. 1503), a m o n k of th e p rio ry , w ho le ft m o n e y
revenues, w as ¿ 2 ,4 0 0 y e a r ly ; b u t th e b ish o p re c e iv e s at fo r t h e v a u lt in g of th e c h u rc h ; th e w e st w in d o w , by
A b ra h a m V an L in g e , c ir c a 16 31, d e p ic ts t h e s to ry of
the present tim e, fro m th e E c c le s ia s t ic a l C o m m issio n e rs,
“ J o n ah u n d e r th e g o u r d a t N in e v e h
an d th e re are also
A , 00o a y e a r ; th e p re s e n t b ish o p , a p p o in te d in 19 11,
m
e m o ria l w in d o w s here to th e R e v . C y r i l W illia m P a g e
is the R ig h t R e v . C h a rle s G o re D .D ., D .C .L . fo rm e rly
M .A . d . i t A p r il, (873, a n d th e R e v . S te p h e n J a m e s
fellow of T r in ity C o lle g e , w h o res id e s a t C u d d e sd o n
F re m a n tle M .A . d. 16 S e p t 1874 ; a n d a m o n u m e n t to
Palace, near W h e a tle y , in t h is co u n ty .
The C a th e d ra l o f C h r is t C h u r c h , O x fo rd , o n e of th e John T h o m a s J a m e s D .D . B ish o p of G a lc u tt \ 18 27-8 :
smallest of E n g lis h c a th e d r a ls , w as o r ig in a lly th e c h u rc h in t h e so u th a is le a r e m e m o ria l w in d o w s to E d w a r d
of the P rio ry of S t. F rid e s w id e , s u rre n d e re d to C a rd in a l D enison esq. M .P . fo r N e w a rk , w h o d ie d a t M e lb o u rn e ,
Wolsey for th e p u rp o se s of h is n ew c o lle g e in 1522, and A u s tr a lia , 28 J a n . 18 70 ; G e o r g e R a n k in e L u k e , a c c i­
d e n ta lly d ro w n ed , 1862 ; J o h n W a lte r , a c c id e n t a lly
in style belongs ch ie fly to t h e T r a n s itio n N o rm a n and
d ro w n ed a t B e a rw o o d P a r k , B e r k s , on C h r is tm a s E v e ,
Early E n g lish p erio d s ; b u t p o rtio n s o f th e e d ific e a r e of
1870;
a n d G e o r g e M a n u e l D a s e n t, d ro w n ed w h ile
later styles do w n to th e P e r p e n d ic u la r ; th e n a v e , ch o ir,
central tow er an d t ra n s e p ts (a s fa r as th e ro o f), e x c e p t b a th in g a t S a n d fo rd la s h e r , 30 A p r il, 18 7 2 ; a d jo in in g is
a
ta
b
le
t
to D r. P o co ck , th e o rie n ta lis t, r e g iu s p ro fesso r
the clerestory w in d ow s of th e c h o ir, a re la t e N o rm a n ,
and were p ro b a b ly e re c te d d u r in g th e life tim e of R o b e rt of H e b rew and L a u d ia n p ro fe sso r of A ra b ic, d. ro
de Cricklade o r C a n u tu s , th e se co n d p r io r (115 0 -8 0 ), th e S e p te m b e r 1691, an d n ear t h is a m o n u m en t to S ir
lower part of th e to w e r a n d s o u th tra n s e p t b e in g p e rh a p s W illia m B r o u n c k e r k t. fir s t V is c o u n t B ro u n clce r, of
C a s tle L y o n s , Ir e la n d , a sta u n c h R o y a lis t, w h o d ied a t
of an ea rlier d a t e ; th e c h a p t e r h o u se a n d th e u p p e r
part of th e to w er, w it h th e sp ire a n d S t . F rid e s w id e ’s W a d h a m C o lle g e d u r in g th e r e b e llio n in N o v e m b e r, 1645,
and his w ife W in ifre d ( L e ig h ) , d . 20 J u ly , 1649, w it h t h e ir
or the L a d y c h a p e l, are of th e 13 th a n d e a r ly 14 th
e ffig ie s in r e lie f : th e se co n d b a y o f th e tra n s e p t a is le
centu ries; S t . C a th e r in e ’ s o r t h e L a t in c h a p e l and
o p en s in to S t . L u c y ’ s c h a p e l, f o r m e r ly th e v e s t r y , w h ic h
cloisters of th e 14 th c e n t u r y ; th e c le re s to rie s , v a u lt in g
h
a s an e x q u is it e D e c o ra te d e a s t w in d ow , of fla m b o y a n t
of the ch oir, an d n a v e ro o f h a v e b e e n a s c rib e d to W o lse y,
but are p ro b ab ly e a r l i e r ; h e , h o w e v e r, in 15 2 7, la id th e c h a r a c te r , c a lle d th e “ S t . T h o m a s à B e c k e t ” w in d ow ,
foundations o f a m a g n ific e n t c h a p e l, w h ic h w o u ld h a v e since i t co n ta in s g la s s ta k e n fro m th e n o rth a is le , and
occupied th e en tire n o rth sid e o f th e p re s e n t T o m q u a d , r e p re s e n tin g on a d ia p e re d g r o u n d t h e m u r d e r o f th e
and at his d e a th in 1530 th e w a lls h a d b e e n c a r r ie d u p a rc h b ish o p ; in th e c o ig n o f th e b u ttr e s s , a t th e a n g le of
th is ch a p e l, w a s d is c o v e re d , m a n y y e a r s sin ce, a s in g u la r
to a h eigh t of n fe e t a b o v e th e g r o u n d l e v e l ; in 1898,
during the c o n s tru c tio n of th e new d r a in a g e th r o u g h th e p ie ce o f s c u lp tu r e o f th e 1 3 th c e n tu r y , re p r e s e n tin g th e
F
a ll of M an , th e O ffe r in g u p of Is a a c , a n d o th e r s u b je c ts
gardens on t h is sid e of t h e q u a d r a n g le , th e se fo u n d a ­
tions were u n co v ered . T h e c h u r c h co n s ists o f a c h o ir of u n id e n tifie d : it is now p la c e d in th e c a th e d r a l m u se u m ;
a
t
th e e a st c o rn e r o f S t. L u c y ’ s c h a p e l is th e a lt a r to m b ,
five bays w ith a isle s, a n d on th e n o rth th e L a d y c h a p e l
and St. C a th e rin e ’s o r th e L a tin c h a p e l, e a ch o f fo u r w ith in s c r ib e d b ra s s, u n d e r a recesse d c a n o p y , of R o b e rt
K in g , la st a b b o t of O s e n e y an d first b ish o p of O x fo rd ,
bays; on th e s o u th sid e, e n te r e d fro m th e s o u th a isle ,
ob.
> t h is to m b , o r ig in a lly p la c e d in th e c h o ir, w as
St. L u cy ’s ch ap el, fo r m e r ly a v e s t r y ; s o u th tra n se p t,
in 1638 tra n s fe r r e d to th e s o u th c h o ir a is le , b u t w as
com m unicating w ith th e c l o is t e r s ; n o rth tra n s e p t, w ith
m o v ed h ith e r b y H e n r y K in g , a fte rw a rd s b is h o p of
a western aisle of t h r e e b a y s ; c e n tr a l t o w e r a n d sp ire,
nave of four ( o r ig in a lly e ig h t) b a y s , w ith a is le s , a sp a cio u s C h ic h e s te r (16 4 1-6 9 ), a n d h is b r o th e r J o h n , b o th ca n o n s
vaulted w estern e n tra n c e , o p en in g in to th e g r e a t q u a d ­ of C h r is t C h u r c h a n d d e sce n d a n ts o f W illia m , b ro th e r
rangle, Chapter h o u se an d c l o is t e r s : t h e o r ig in a l w e st of R o b e r t K in g ; th e w in d o w a b o v e th e to m b , fille d b y
front, w ith fo u r b a y s o f t h e n a v e an d th e w e s t a lle y o f th e th e m w ith s ta in e d g la ss, re p re se n ts th e b is h o p f u lly
cloisters w ere d e s tro y e d b y W o ls e y , bub one b a y , w ith a v e ste d , w ith O s e n e y a b b e y in t h e b a c k g ro u n d , w h ile
portion of th e n o rth c lo is t e r , a n d t h e p r e s e n t w e s te rn en ­ a b o v e are th e a rm s o f K i n g , im p a le d w ith th o se of
trance were reco ve red d u r in g th e re s to ra tio n s o f 18 72 -6 : th e a b b e y of O s e n e y a n d t h e se e of O x fo rd : th is w indow
the form er so u th e n tra n c e , th r o u g h t h e c lo is t e r , is still w as re m o v e d fo r s a fe ty befo re th e c a p it u la t io n of O x fo rd
maintained, b u t a c c e ss is n o w u s u a lly o b ta in e d b y th e in 1646, a n d re p la c e d a t Che R e s to r a tio n : in th e s o u th
west door, w hich a d m its in to an a n te - c h a p e l on w h o se tra n s e p t, a b o v e th e v e s t r y , a re p r e s e r v e d so m e fra g m e n t s
walls are m em orials to J o h n F e ll, D ea n o f C h r is t C h u rc h of th e o ld P rio ry .
and Bishop of O x fo rd fro m 16 75, d. 10 J u ly , 1686 ; C h a rle s
T h e c h o ir p ro p e r c o n s ists o f five b a y s , and h a s c ir c u la r
bloyd, Bishop of O x fo rd , 18 2 7 -9 ; T h o m a s G a is fo r d D .D . p illa rs, c a p ita ls le ss e la b o ra te , a n d a b a ci h e a v ie r th a n e ls e
ean 1831-55 ; D r. A le x . N ic o ll, r e g iu s p ro fe s s o r o f H ew h ere in th e c h u rc h , th e a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e trifo r iu m
rew, and Dr. E d w . B u rto n , r e g iu s p ro fe sso r of D iv in ity ,
an d sid e a is le s b e in g t h e sa m e as in th e n a v e ; th e P e r ­
19 Jan. 1836: t h e o rg a n sc re e n , n o w in c lo s in g th e p e n d ic u la r v a u lt in g , a m a g n ific e n t e x a m p le , h a s been
greater p art of th e e x is tin g n ave, is J a c o b e a n an d d e se rv e s a t tr ib u t e d , th o u g h w it h o u t p ro o f, to W o ls e y , w h o is also
notice for its c u rio u s m ix tu r e o f G o t h ic an d I ta lia n de- sa id to h a v e tra n s fo rm e d th e w h o le c h o ir a b o v e th e
of'iv, au rm g' th e lo n g v a c a tio n o f 1888 th e fra m e w o rk t r ifo r iu m , th e w a ll p a ssa g e of th e c le r e s to r y r e m a in in g ,
01 tne organ lo ft w as c o m p le te d , a n d t h e n o r th an d so u th a lt h o u g h h id d e n b e n e a th r ic h p a n e llin g ; th è la n te r n -lik e
n s encased w ith o ak p a n e llin g , a n d th e c e ilin g co v ere d p e n d a n ts in w h ic h th e e la b o ra te fa n t ra c e r y te r m in a te s
l
0
in a s im ila r s t y le an d e n ric h e d w ith c a rv e d
are s a id to h a v e bee n b r o u g h t fro m O s e n e y A b b e y : th e
P t V ? a cco rd an ce w ith d e s ig n s b v M r. H . W . M oore roof it s e lf is fin ish e d w e s tw a rd b y a se ries o f fig u re s
ana
T h e o r a n ’ b u ilt h y F a th e r S c h m id t in 1680 u n d e r h i g h ly w r o u g h t ca n o p ie s, se t im m e d ia te ly w ith in
tn .,1? IProved b y G ra y an d D av iso n in 1848, w a s m o v ed th e c h o ir a r c h , a n d it is p o ssib le t h a t th e se w e re th e
tb e c b u r c b in 1876 fro m its
fo rm e r w ork o f th e C a r d in a l : th e D e c o ra te d e a st w in d o w , e re cte d
rennet1
tbe
tra n s e p t, a n d in 1884 w as e n tire ly in 1854, to c o m m e m o ra te th e t h ir d c e n te n a r y of th<*
Thd
6 •
L i l l i s , a n d p la c e d w h e re it now stan d s, fo u n d a tio n of th e c o lle g e , a n d fille d w it h g la s s b y H e n ri
and nr-fISl7e P*b ? rs
tb e n av e a re a lt e r n a t e ly c ir c u la r a n d A lfr e d G é r e n te , w as re m o v e d d u r in g th e re s to ra tio n s
from wv5°k
l a n?e c a p ita ls h a v in g s q u a re a b a ci, o f 1872-6, a n d th e w h o le e a st e n d r e b u ilt, as f a r as
monM.T>JC \
sPr!n£ c ir c u la r a rc h e s
w ith w ell-d efin e d
c o u ld be a s c e rta in e d , in ac co rd a n ce w ith its o r ig in a l
herp r » n f ’ fo m }in g in f a c t th e a rc h e s of t h e trifo r iu m , p lan ; it n o w e x h ib its tw o d e e p ly re c e sse d N o rm a n
the t.vr<?res
^ a b F n d a r c a d e o f tw o a rc h e s , se t in w in d ow s, s u r m o u n te d b y a w h e e l w in d o w , th e sta in e d
cave «nr!«11" ? 1
m a *n a r c h ; t h e t r u e a rc h e s o f th e g la s s in w h ic h w as p re s e n te d b y th e la t e C a n o n L id d o n
pillars nni’
om b a lf; (-ap it a ls o r c o rb e ls a ffix e d to th e an d th e la t e R t . H on. S i r J . R . M o w b ra y b a r t. P .C .,
M .P . a n d m o re r e c e n t ly a r ic h lv d e sig n e d re re d o s h a s
sitional anrA1?
i f in d e s is n * tb e c le r e s to r y is T ra n nent is
w hole a r r a n g e m e n t, r a r e on th e C o n tibeen se t u p : t h e p a v e m e n t is o f m a r b le , a d o rn e d w ith
instanpo w Un«-USUa^ *n F n g la n d , an d h a s o n ly a sin g le in c ise d re p re s e n ta tio n s o f th e se v e n c a r d in a l v ir tu e s ,
and lofty ir I
J e d b u r g h A b b ey ) in S c o tla n d ; t h e fine co p ie d fro m e x a m p le s in th e c h u r c h o f th e k n ig h t s of
cnes of th e c e n tra l to w e r are c ir c u la r to w a rd s S t. J o h n , a t M a l t a : d iv id in g th e c h o ir fro m th e aisles

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